Questioning of children from large families. Questioning of large families. selection from the general population of all persons who have reached voting age

This question, as it turns out, is asked to all families who decide to have a third child. For the first time, such a question puzzled me - is this possible?

But funny questions were repeated and each new one caused further bewilderment. Over time, a TOP of questions was collected: a kind of questionnaire for a mother of many children.

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Did you really want a child or did you decide to expand your apartment?

In my concept, everything should be different, i.e. square meters for the child, and not vice versa. But after talking with large families, I realized that this happens. It happens that families decide to give birth to a third, fourth, or tenth child in order for the state to provide free housing or a preferential loan.

How do I feel about this? But no way. I just have nothing to do with this, that’s all. I also think that it’s not in vain that jokes and jokes are made about peoples from the post-Soviet space.

What kind of attitude did you have to get from your Soviet childhood in order to use every opportunity to get rich?!

The state comes up with various ways to support childhood and motherhood. But our people do not lose heart and, for every attack from government minds, they come up with loopholes and workarounds in order to turn benefits into ways to make money.

They supported single mothers - marriages were no longer registered. They gave preferential loans to large families - the number of large families increased sharply.

What will happen next? But no matter what, anyone who wants to find a loophole, who purposefully looks for it in the legislation, will find it. I sympathize. I sympathize with government officials who are looking for ways to support families, and I sympathize with people who, in search of loopholes, miss the most interesting things in their lives and the lives of their children.

Our third child was planned and wanted. Only my husband and I initially wanted to somehow expand our two-room apartment. True, we ourselves gloomily joked about this, that while we were collecting money for a new home, our angel would fly away. But our angel put everything in its place and was born exactly at the moment when our family needed it.

What is there not enough time for?

As sad as it is, on myself personally. But this is not a problem of having many children, but of the fact that there are two small children in the family, one of whom does not know how to eat, change clothes, and the list goes on. He needs my presence constantly.

You have to combine and get out. Masks on the face and hair - while cleaning and cooking, reading books - during breakfast - lunch - dinner, work in the garden is combined with walks in the fresh air.

I would like to write more texts. But for this I need half an hour of solitude, and this is still a luxury. That's why the texts remain stuck in the laptop in their infancy.

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The eldest daughter is probably left to her own devices?

Or: the older girl for the nanny? - No! And this is important! My husband and I had children because we wanted them. Not because housing is needed, not because “it’s time.” I wanted to hear the patter of little feet, the babbling of children. I wanted to soak up this.

That's why We try to be close to the children to absorb everything, every moment, because it is unique. The eldest daughter has her own life and her own hobbies. School, music studio, foreign languages.

Yes, it happens that we ask her to be with the kids. But before that, we ask if she’s busy, if she has any plans of her own. This is probably why in our family we managed to avoid childhood jealousy, the struggle for parents’ attention and territory in the house. Everyone has their own corner, their own time and their own territory. And this is unshakable.

And a teenage daughter is just as great as kids. From her I learn about the latest in cosmetics and fashion. We can discuss outfits and hairstyles with her and curl each other’s hair with curlers at night.

A teenage daughter is a mixture of a child and a friend. I enjoy and enjoy communicating with her. And I try very hard to be an example for her. It's stimulating. And it helps. At the beginning of my family life, not everything worked out the way I wanted and saw it.

This was my second marriage, I wanted perfection, but it wasn’t there. And the thought of divorce already appeared. One thought stopped me: what am I teaching my daughter? I teach that a family can be created and destroyed. I teach that people can be thrown around. I teach that men in the house can come and go. It is not right.

A girl, a future mother and wife, needs to be taught the value of family and relationships with her husband. A girl whose mother did not show her an example of a happy woman cannot become happy. And, we can say that I started working on myself and on my mistakes for the sake of my daughter, first of all.

Already now I understand that everyone, the whole family needed this. Now for me there is no division between me, my husband, and my children. There is one whole - this is our family. And this is our main value.

You don't look exhausted!

It's usually half question, half statement. From the same series - do you have a manicure?! Yes, I have a manicure because I like my hands to be well-groomed. I also have pedicures and styling. And I don’t look exhausted, because I’m not exhausted, because I get enough sleep, because I find time for my hobbies and for pleasant communication with my children, husband and girlfriends.

Yes, something can’t be done. But I understand that this is temporary, that soon, very soon, priorities will shift, that soon my baby will completely fall behind me, the umbilical cord will fall off completely, and he will not need me constantly.

And then get-togethers with friends will appear in my life, then I can watch the series with my husband all night long, and then sleep for half a day, then there will be time for the sauna and salon. But then there will be no hugs in the morning with my sons, there will be no secrets in the evenings from my daughter, then no one will ask me to put together a puzzle.

And this will be missed. Therefore, you need to rejoice here and now, this moment and period.

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Aren't you going to give birth to a fourth?

We're not going to. Because we both feel that enough is enough. Both after the first child and after the second, I felt that I wanted more. I wanted the first “aha” again and the first steps. I wanted to wait for the smile again, like a miracle.

I also wanted to breastfeed and see how the baby calms down in your arms. I felt potential, desire and strength. And now - that’s it, the thought of it no longer arises. But I admire those families in which there is a fourth baby and a fifth. This means they had a lot of strength and desire.

This year I was sent as a representative to the governor at a regional reception dedicated to Mother’s Day. The celebration began with the presentation of the Order of the Mother to those women who have five children.

It’s strange, but for some reason I, along with the majority of the population, believed that women who were, firstly, old, secondly, overweight and, thirdly, not very well-groomed, could have five children.

But the first to take the stage was a fragile woman in a short, fitted dress, with complex styling and beautiful manicure. And I was so happy! I was just proud! Throughout the appointment, I observed mothers who have more than two children. Of course, everyone is different. But the only difference is their professions and hobbies.

And all of them are beautiful, well-groomed, and interesting. And everyone has a sparkle in their eyes. I know where it comes from. This is the reflected light of children's eyes. All moms have this glow. And the more children, the stronger the shine.

Dear readers! How do you feel about large families? Would you like to have three or more children? We are waiting for your comments!

Rozhkov V.V., Velikanov V.D., Vasneva T.M., Solomatina S.A.
“Social Review”, No. 1-2, M., SOFIA, Helios, 2003

The article provides an analysis of data from a sociological survey of parents from large families living in the Western Administrative District of Moscow (RU “Kuntsevo” and “Mozhaisky”).

The objective of this study is to study the social status of large families, identify their needs and opportunities, including identifying the possibility of large families in fostering children left without parental care (35% of positive answers according to the study results).

Currently, a number of dangerous trends have emerged in the Russian Federation that affect future generations of our compatriots. In the long term, this is a decrease in the birth rate.

Demography, based on statistical materials, believes that for simple reproduction of the population of the Russian Federation, it is necessary that each woman gives birth to an average of 2.6 children. At the same time, according to the 1994 All-Russian Microcensus of Population, the average number of children desired by a Russian woman was only 1.8 children. Only 12.5% ​​of women aged 18 to 30 surveyed named three or more children as their desired number.

In the near future, the emergence of an increasing number of children left without parental care is alarming. Such children, if thoughtful rehabilitation measures are not taken, will never become full-fledged members of society, since their worldview is formed by a semi-criminal, marginal environment, which is not an environment for the reproduction and transmission of positive national socio-cultural experience. At the same time, I would like to note that, according to the regional departments of the “Commission on Minors and Protection of Their Rights” of the Moscow Closed Joint-Stock Company, the smallest percentage of children registered with them are children from large families.

In our opinion, this happens because parents in such families are, as a rule, guarantors of reliability and stability in the upbringing and education of children. At the same time, the children themselves receive an appropriate collective education and, from early childhood, are taught to bear a certain social responsibility, have mutual rights and responsibilities in relation to other family members of various ages and statuses.

At the same time, a large family, by the very fact of having many children, which, as a rule, is a product of the realization of the conscious desire of parents to have many children, proves that it is the authority that can be “a priori” entrusted with the upbringing of adopted children.

The Regional Charitable Public Foundation (RPF) “Sofia” in this study, conducted in 2001-2002, set itself the goal of studying just such a family in which three or more children are being raised, showing its “social portrait”, identifying its needs, revealing its potential.

One of which, according to our assumption, could be the desire of a large family, despite all the existing difficulties, to take in a child left without parental care.

If parents with many children answer this question positively, it would be possible, based on this, to take concrete steps in solving both the problem of homelessness and neglect, and the problem of fertility. With regard to homelessness and neglect, such an approach could somewhat reduce the severity of the problem, although the number of large families is not very large (at the end of 2000, out of the 935,700 population of the Moscow Closed Administrative District, about 2,500 families were large).

In the context of solving the problem of fertility in our state, it makes sense: firstly, to attract any attention to happy large families; secondly, to promote “artificial” large families, encouraging it with administrative measures (profitable benefits, housing, and the like). Once developed, this situation will have a real chance to root “natural” large families in the minds of our compatriots. As a result, one would expect that an increase in the number of large families will lead both to a decrease in the number of neglected and street children and to an increase in the population, which will affect the improvement of the demographic situation in Russia.

To carry out the research part of this work, a special questionnaire was developed with a number of questions covering various aspects of the life of a large family, its needs, as well as questions that help to understand how a large family lives in our difficult times. Questionnaires were offered to families living in the territory of the district administrations (municipalities) “Kuntsevo” and “Mozhaisky” of the Western administrative district of Moscow.

248 parents took part in the sociological survey: 75% of them were women and 25% were men. As we can see, not all fathers took part in our survey, therefore, when analyzing the answers, we took into account the presence or absence of a married couple among our respondents.

By social origin, respondents were distributed as follows: from employees - 39%, from workers - 36%, from peasants - 4%, and 21% of parents did not answer this question. The national composition turned out to be more homogeneous: 76% are Russians, 6% are Ukrainians and Belarusians, 5% are Tatars, 2% each are Armenians and Azerbaijanis, 9% are other nationalities.

The age structure of the parents surveyed is as follows: the bulk are in the age group from 18 to 44 years old, this is 83%, in the age group from 45 and older - 17%.

The vast majority (74%) of surveyed large families have three children. Further, families, depending on the number of children, were distributed as follows: 14% have four children, 8% have five, 3% have six and 1% have seven children.

The survey showed that the majority of respondents (66%) are legally married. In a church marriage - 4%, in both church and legal marriages - 7%, 13% of respondents are not married, 6% believe that they are in a civil marriage. 4% of respondents did not answer this question.

Among the surveyed parents, 59% have secondary and specialized secondary education, 39% have higher and incomplete higher education, and only 2% have incomplete secondary education.

Thus, we see that the educational level of the majority of parents surveyed is quite high. This is confirmed by the fact that 4% of respondents are fluent in foreign languages, 41% have a dictionary, while 56% do not speak foreign languages ​​or did not give any answer to this question. In addition, 3% are professionally proficient with a personal computer, and 31% are at the user level.

More than half of the respondents are employed (54%), while 43% are not. Such a high percentage of unemployed parents is explained by the fact that 75% of women took part in the survey. Most mothers take care of children, some do not work due to health reasons or simply cannot find a job according to their qualifications or in accordance with their interests. In addition, some of the women interviewed shared that employers “do not welcome” workers with young children.

Of the respondents, 28% need employment, 20% would like to employ their children. Moreover, among those who need work, many would not refuse to receive additional education. To the question: “Do you need basic and additional education for yourself?” - more than a third of respondents answered affirmatively (the age of the respondents in this case does not matter significantly). In both the young and older groups, the ratio of those willing to study is approximately the same. The vast majority of respondents - 63% - already need additional education for their children, and only 21% answered “no”, 2% - “I don’t know”, the rest did not answer this question.

These figures indicate that the current level of basic education is clearly insufficient and people want to get additional education in order to get a better-paid job. And today this is associated with large material costs, which many large families cannot afford.

44% of respondents expressed satisfaction with their work, 23% gave a negative answer, and 33% declined to answer. Thus, many parents with many children are quite satisfied with their work. It is no coincidence that 40% of respondents have work experience from 10 to 20 years, 34% - from 20 to 30 years, 10% - up to 10 years, and 4% - from 30 to 40 years. Moreover, only 2% of respondents have disabilities, the rest are young, healthy people seeking to contribute to the development of society.

The main source of income is wages - this was answered by 72% of respondents, 6% are focused on various benefits, 5% - on pensions, 1% - on help from relatives, 15% did not answer this question for various reasons. The origin of the main source of income is confirmed by the answers to another question in the questionnaire: “What is the income per one member of your family?”: 45% have an income of up to 1000 rubles, 42% - from 1000 to 2000 rubles, 4% - more than 2000 rubles, 9% of respondents did not answer this question. While many are satisfied with the very nature of their work, the same cannot be said about the level of salary - only 10% answered this question satisfactorily, 53% answered negatively, and 37% did not give an answer. Naturally, if the wages at their main place of work are low and cannot provide people with a decent living, they are forced to look for extra work on the side (of course, at the expense of their free time and health). Thus, 41% of respondents named “part-time work” as the desired type of employment, 16% - part-time work, and only 13% - full-time work; a third of respondents left this question unanswered.

By the way, approximately the same number, 32% of the parents surveyed, did not answer the question: “How do you spend your leisure time?” 5% noted that they have no free time; 28% of respondents prefer to spend their free time with their children and family; 15% are busy with household chores, work in the village or in the country: 5% prefer active recreation, go in for sports, tourism, and love fishing; 5% spend time reading and handicrafts; 5% visit theaters, exhibitions and museums, 4% devote their free time to television, 1% attend church.

An analysis of the free time of children from large families gives a slightly different picture. The answers were distributed as follows: 33% of children, according to parents, prefer games, walks and sports; 10% prefer reading, drawing, theater; 8% are involved in various clubs, studios, and music; 9% spend their leisure time with their family, at home, in the country; 5% devote their time to cinema, television, and computers; 1% spends time attending church. But 27% of respondents did not answer this question, and 7% said: “when and how.”

Consequently, more than a third (taking into account the last two indicators) of children, according to their parents, do not know what to do with themselves and how to use their free time. And this is the most alarming thing, since lack of control and the absence of any interests that can captivate a young person can lead him to antisocial behavior and actions. Moreover, adult family members are not always able to fill the spiritual vacuum of children, and sometimes have neither moral nor material opportunities for this, however, this is a problem for any family, and not just a large family, the latter, at least, provides their simple reproduction (on average at least 2.6 children per woman), in contrast to a family with no children or few children.

What keeps young healthy people of reproductive age from giving life and raising healthy, full-fledged children, without whom the nation and state have no future? A complex of factors of a social, economic, psychological and similar nature. Using the example of large families, we will consider only some of them, abstracting from such issues as lack of stability in society, uncertainty about the future, and so on; the solution to these problems is possible only under the condition of a clear, conscious social policy of the state and its approval by the entire society as a whole.

We have already talked about wages that push people into a miserable existence; in such conditions we can only talk about survival, but not about the revival of the nation. Therefore, the answer to the question: “Are you satisfied with the level of social support provided to you by federal/local authorities?” 57% of parents with many children answered “no”, and only 18% answered this question in the affirmative. 17% found it difficult to answer, and 8% of respondents did not give an answer at all. Moreover, to a similar question about the level of social support provided by public and charitable organizations, more optimistic answers were received: 23% were satisfied with their activities, 41% were not, 26% answered “I don’t know,” and 10% did not give an answer. This suggests that charities and public foundations are closer to the population that needs social support, but the assistance that such organizations can provide is clearly insufficient, and information about their activities is usually absent.

In the sociological survey, much attention was paid to the question of what types of social assistance are needed for a large family. First of all, financial assistance is needed. 79% of respondents need it. 13% of parents with many children did not answer this question, and 4% answered “I don’t know” or “no” (these are those who have an income of more than two thousand rubles per person, but such income is provided not only by salary, but also by other sources ). Those who live on wages, and the vast majority of them, certainly need financial support.

33% of respondents need legal assistance, 20% need psychological assistance. But many parents with many children did not answer about the need for legal or psychological assistance. This speaks more about the insufficiency of such services in the city than about the lack of real needs for them.

Although 77% of respondents have separate apartments, the living conditions of large families leave much to be desired. Only 9% of respondents have more than 18 m2 per person, 20% - from 10 to 18 m2, and the majority, 48% - up to 10 m2. It is quite natural that to the question: “Do you need to improve your living conditions?” - 71% of respondents answered affirmatively and only 17% - negatively, the rest gave a vague answer or did not give it at all. Many families live in old, dilapidated housing stock; 48% of apartments are in need of renovation. In addition to apartment repairs, people also need other social services.

The largest percentage of respondents need repair of plumbing and household appliances, since with increased use they often break down, and this costs considerable material costs. Probably, here we should think about benefits for large families or about creating special workshops for repairing household appliances for such categories of the population.

Other types of social services are needed by a significantly smaller number of respondents (probably only those who, for health reasons, cannot take care of themselves, but there are very few of them); the rest prefer to take care of themselves. But since there are other types of social assistance, it is interesting how large families feel about them and what exactly they need most.

Data analysis shows that preferential sales and one-time food assistance are the most popular among large families. This implies the need to develop a network of inexpensive discount stores for large families. Large families are the least likely to need free lunches. Indeed, if a single veteran or disabled person sees them as attractive and beneficial for themselves, then for large families it is necessary to organize cultural and sports festivals with treats, where parents and children can be present, games and quizzes with prizes that will bring pleasure to both adults and children .

This conclusion is confirmed by the data of our survey - 70% of respondents would like to participate in cultural events (regardless of belonging to a particular age group), 56% would like to play sports. An active life position is also evidenced by the following data: 21% of respondents would like to engage in social activities, 17% would like to participate in amateur performances.

And although most of the people participating in the survey are not rich, they are ready to help those in need. But to an even greater extent, the position in life of members of large families is evidenced by the following statements that characterize their life credo. In particular, 86% of respondents noted that in their lives they are guided by the following commandments: “thou shalt not kill”, “thou shalt not steal”, “love thy neighbor” and so on, 4% do not know what to answer, 8% did not give an answer and only 2% answered “no”. However, it is not enough to declare your altruism; it is also necessary to confirm your position with specific deeds or actions.

In particular, we were interested in the question of whether a large family could take in raising someone else’s child who was left without parental care. Indeed, for modern Russia, the problem of child homelessness has acquired the character of a real social disaster. And a large family with its own upbringing traditions, healthy microclimate, mutual assistance and support, like no other social institution, could take on some part of this social problem.

To this end, the questionnaire asked two questions:

“I could, out of compassion, take in a child left without parental care” and

“I would take in such a child if money were paid for his maintenance.” A detailed analysis of the results of such a study, taking into account the answer options to all questions in the questionnaire, is given in the article “Who will raise the child.”

It turned out that 35% of the parents surveyed could be classified as being ready to take into their family a child left without parental care. And it doesn’t really matter whether they are going to take in a child simply out of compassion or for a monetary reward. But how to implement these good intentions (from the legal, economic, social, and so on sides) should be decided by the relevant administrative bodies and services.

In our opinion, for a more in-depth analysis of the problems of large and other families, additional research should be conducted on the following issues:

* defining the role of mother and father in a large family;
* identifying those motivations that will encourage large families and families that do not have many children to have children;
* identifying families willing and able to raise someone else’s child;
* test parents who have expressed their readiness to raise such a child, and all members of a large family for psychological compatibility with someone else’s child;
* test the prospective adopted child for compatibility with the new family;
* think through actions aimed at developing and popularizing the idea of ​​large families in our country, first of all, reflecting this in advertising products, in newspapers, on radio, on television, on the Internet;
* develop special questionnaires and methods to assess the reliability of respondents' answers.

Conclusion

Based on the results of the research, a generalized social portrait of large families living in the territory of the municipalities “Kuntsevo” and “Mozhaisky” CJSC of Moscow was compiled. 248 parents were interviewed, of which 75% were women, 25% were men. The generalized portrait has the following characteristics (without taking into account the opinions of respondents who did not answer):

1. According to their national composition, the surveyed parents of large families are divided into: 76% - Russians, 6% - Ukrainians and Belarusians, 5% - Tatars, 2% - Armenians and Azerbaijanis, the rest - 9%.

2. 73% of large families are married. Single-parent families and families in civil marriages make up 19%; 4% are in church marriages.

3. 98% of parents have secondary and higher education. At the same time, more than 30% were in favor of receiving additional education for themselves and 63% for their children.

4. Only 54% of parents are employed, of which 44% are satisfied with their work. 28% of respondents need employment for themselves and 20% for their children. 57% of parents want to have a part-time job or part-time job.

5. The main source of income is salary. This was the answer given by 72% of the parents surveyed. 45% of respondents have an income of up to 1000 rubles per family member, 42% of respondents - from 1000 to 2000 rubles, 4% have an income exceeding 2000 rubles.

6. About 60% of parents spend all their free time with their families, taking care of children and housework. According to parents, approximately 30% of children do not know how to use their free time.

7. 18% of respondents were satisfied with the level of social support provided by federal/local authorities, 57% expressed a negative opinion. 23% and 41% of respondents, respectively, spoke about the activities of charitable organizations.

8. 77% of large families live in separate apartments. Moreover, only 9% of families have more than 18 m2 per person, and the majority (48%) have less than 10 m2. 71% of families need to improve their living conditions. Many families live in dilapidated houses, 48% of apartments are in need of renovation.

9. The active life position of parents of large families is evidenced by the fact that 21% of respondents would like to engage in social activities, 17% would like to participate in amateur performances. Although most of the respondents are not rich, they themselves are ready to help those in need. So, up to 53% of parents can provide assistance with shoes and clothing, and take part in the creation of libraries for clubs, homes for the disabled and boarding schools.

10. Based on the analysis of the entire array of data from a sociological survey of large families obtained by questionnaire, taking into account the data of a free interview informally conducted at the time of collecting questionnaires, and the oral wishes of respondents, we have developed the following proposals for improving social work with large families and popularizing the idea of ​​large families in our country:

* remove the time limit on the concept of “large family”;
* reintroduce award insignia (orders and medals) for mothers of large families, providing them with lifelong material and property benefits;
* for social assistance and legal protection of the interests of large families, introduce paid elected positions of responsible persons from among the families with many children into the composition of local government bodies, and, if necessary, carry out their professional retraining;
* increase the volume of targeted social assistance to large families:

A) introduce an increasing surcharge to the monthly state benefit for each child, starting from the third, and tie it to the cost of living in the region;
b) with an increase in the number of children in the family, proportionally reduce the amount of payment for housing and housing and communal services;
c) create a separate queue for municipal housing for families in need of improved housing conditions. Such families must receive housing for two to three years;
d) reintroduce maternity leave into the working history of mothers (fathers), starting with the birth of the third child;
e) with an increase in the number of children, reduce the retirement age of mothers proportionally, for example, with the birth of a second child, the retirement age will be 54 years, with the birth of a third child - 53 years, etc.;
f) introduce free travel or 50% payment of fares in city transport and commuter trains to all members of large families;
g) introduce free (or at reduced prices) distribution of medicines purchased according to doctor’s prescriptions to all non-working members of large families;
h) provide all children from large families with the opportunity to receive any special or higher education free of charge;
i) introduce a deferment of conscription into the army or reduce the period of military service for children from large families;
j) create additional jobs in areas where large families live, where children and parents could work several hours a day in order to earn additional income. Involve commercial and industrial organizations, as well as local authorities, for this purpose;
k) organize, with the assistance of public, charitable organizations and local government bodies, stores selling various industrial goods and food products at prices 50% lower than market prices, as well as specialized ateliers for tailoring and repairing household appliances.

References.
1. Rozhkov V.V. A large family is a barrier to depopulation in Russia. // Social Review, No. 1. M., 2002.
2. Borisov V.A. Demography. M., 1999.
3. Rozhkov V.V., Velikanov V.D. Who will raise the child? // Social Review, No. 1-2. M., 2003.

In order to determine the methods and forms of work of a social educator that are most effective for working with large families, we conducted a survey of social educators from schools in the city of Kostroma. Ten social educators with different work experience answered the questionnaire (Appendix 1).

The results of a survey of practicing social educators on the topical problems of large families can be expressed in the following diagram:

G - unemployment;

The diagram shows that social educators consider low material security to be the most significant problem for large families, and unsatisfactory living conditions are also called one of the main problems. An intermediate position in importance is occupied by the problem of excessive workload of parents. Social educators consider unemployment and complications in the health of members of large families to be less pressing problems.

• 1. Among the most frequently used forms of work with large families, practicing social educators note conversations, counseling, visits to families, and meetings with representatives of social and legal services. Less commonly used in practice are such forms of work as group consultations and the organization of leisure activities. Among the forms of work with large families used, trainings, question and answer evenings, and parent conferences were not mentioned at all.
• 2. Ranking of forms of work with large families by degree of effectiveness showed the following results:

In first place in terms of effectiveness are meetings with specialists from social, medical, and legal services. Second place goes to family counseling, third place to conversations.

3. Analysis of questionnaire data on the methods used to work with large families gave the following results. 100% of respondents indicate a block of methods for forming consciousness. The most frequently used methods in this block are persuasion, explanation, and suggestion. Discussion and example methods are not popular among social educators when organizing work with large families.

Methods of organizing activities and creating positive social experiences were noted by only 40% of respondents. Among the methods mentioned are the creation of educational situations and instruction.

50% of respondents note a block of methods for stimulating and motivating activities and behavior among those used in their work. In this block, the most frequently noted methods are reward, punishment and emotional influence. No choice is given to gaming methods.

Methods for monitoring the effectiveness of the socio-pedagogical process were chosen only in 50% of cases. Among the named methods, diagnostics is most often indicated, monitoring and self-analysis are less common.

• 40% of respondents note a block of socio-economic methods, among which social educators most often use patronage and the establishment of benefits.
• 4. Analysis of the opinions of social educators on the effectiveness of methods of working with large families led to the following results:

• 5. Analysis of the subjective assessment of the effectiveness of assistance provided to large families by social teachers generally gave the following results:
• 80% of the surveyed social educators and practitioners believe that the assistance provided to large families by the school in the person of a social educator contributes only to a partial resolution of the problem. And 20% of respondents say that assistance to large families remains ineffective due to subjective and objective reasons.

These results indicate that efforts to provide assistance to large families remain ineffective and require improvement. When providing assistance, it is important to take into account the most pressing problems that place a large family in a difficult life situation.

One of the important problems remains the crisis of forms. Social educators in practice most often use traditional forms, which do not always contribute to solving the problem. It is important to structure your activities in such a way that it harmoniously combines not only traditional, but also innovative forms of work.

A serious problem can be identified by the fact that not every social teacher uses various groups of methods in his work, thereby not affecting some areas of work with the client. The survey showed that many social educators simply do not use such groups of methods as methods of organizing activities and forming positive social experiences, methods of stimulation, motivation of activities and behavior. The big disadvantage is that only 50% of social educators indicated methods of monitoring the effectiveness of the social-pedagogical process as used in their work. This gives reason to assume that the activities carried out with large families are not analyzed from the point of view of effectiveness and achievement of the desired result.

A social teacher, when interacting with a large family, selects methods of work based on various factors, therefore the data obtained on the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of a particular method are only the subjective opinion of each individual teacher. When selecting methods, it is important to take into account the situation, the characteristics of the client, the goals of the activity, etc.

The use by many social educators of only traditional methods and forms of work, low analysis of activities, as well as other reasons of a subjective and objective nature leave work with large families at a low level of effectiveness. The work carried out only partially contributes to solving the problems of large families.

In order to assess the effectiveness of the work of a social teacher with a large family, a survey of members of these families was also conducted (Appendix 2).

10 mothers with many children took part in the survey.

1. The question of the most pressing problems for the family can be expressed in the following diagram:

A - unsatisfactory living conditions;

B - low material security;

B - excessive workload of parents;

G - unemployment;

D - complications in the health of family members.

Thus, the ideas of social educators about the most significant problems of large families are somewhat at odds with the opinions of family members in this category. If social educators put the problem of low material security and unsatisfactory living conditions in the first place, then mothers of many children consider the most important problem to be excessive workload and complications in the health of their family members.

• 2. According to the study, parents with many children use the resources of their own family, as well as help from relatives, to solve problems. Large families also turn to various city institutions for help. Not a single respondent indicated the help of a social teacher as a means of helping in a problematic situation.
• 3. None of the respondents, on their own initiative, sought help from a social teacher on issues concerning their children.

Perhaps this is due to the inability to see the problems of their child, the lack of free time for parents with many children, as well as ignorance of the fact that a social teacher carries out activities to assist the family in various areas, etc.

• 4. 53% of surveyed parents with many children took part in various events organized at the initiative of the school. Among these forms are conversations, family visits, and various types of meetings.
• 5. 100% of respondents consider the help of a social teacher to be ineffective due to objective and subjective reasons.

Thus, not only traditional methods and forms of work, low analysis of activities and other reasons leave work with large families at a low level of efficiency. This is also facilitated by misconceptions about the most important difficulties and problems of large families, and their low awareness of the areas of assistance that a family can receive from an educational institution.

Questioning of large families. To be filled in by yourself! 1.What is your age? ___________ Floor? ________________ City/district (optional)_____________________________________________ 2.Are you married? · Yes · No · I am in a civil marriage 3. How many children are there in your family? (including adults)__________________________ · Of these, relatives______________ · Adopted_________ 4. Indicate the age of each child?__________________________________________________________ _______________________ 5. Your large family was formed as a result of (underline): desires have many children; remarriage; it happened; other________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Would you like more children? _____________________ Specify the reason (optional)_____________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. How do your children spend their free time? (you can tick several options) games, walks, sports, reading, drawing, music, activities in clubs, sections with the family, cinema, television, computer, difficult to answer other______________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. What clubs, sections do your children attend? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Do you have any benefits for paying for them? (specify which ones and where) ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Do not attend (reasons) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Employment of parents. · We work · We do not work · Spouse works · We are engaged in individual entrepreneurship · Other________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11. The main source of income for the family? · Salary · Social benefits · Relatives help 12. What is the income per one member of your family?: up to 1000 rubles 1000-2000 rubles 2000-4000 rubles more than 5000 rubles difficult to answer 13. Which of the statements below best corresponds to the economic situation of your family? We live in abundance, we don’t deny ourselves anything, we live decently, although we have to work a lot to afford rest and large purchases, enough for the whole family for food, clothing, furniture, and household appliances. We cannot afford large purchases and vacations. All funds go towards food and full provision of seasonal clothing. There is not enough furniture and appliances; we have given up almost everything; all our funds are spent on food, but we can eat better. We are poor, often there is no money even for food. I find it difficult to answer. 14.What are your living conditions? · Own apartment · House · Rent an apartment · We live with parents and other relatives 15. How many sq.m. per person total area in your housing? _______________ 16. Do you need to improve your living conditions? · Yes · No 17. Are you satisfied with the existing measures of social support for large families? · Yes · No 18. Is there a need to increase or supplement them? If yes, then which ones, in what volume?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 19. Do you consider it relevant to return 30% of utility bills to large families? Yes No 20. What kind of problems are most noticeable for your family? (number in order of importance) material housing psychological household in the field of education in the field of healthcare child-parent relations employment problem 21. Do you have access to medical care for your children in full? Yes. No. 22. Are you forced to seek paid medical care? _________________ If yes. indicate the reason ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 23. During the last year, have you used the right to provide free medicines to children under 6 years of age? _____________________ If not, please indicate the reason _______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 24. Do you have to donate money to schools/kindergartens on a “voluntary-compulsory” basis, not due to your personal desire to financially support the educational institution? _____________ If yes. then for what exactly? (you can select several) textbooks/teaching aids classroom/school repair security extracurricular activities. class events other (specify) _____________________________________________________________________________________ Our survey is anonymous. Optional. You can leave your details – name and phone number. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you!

The large family

Survey of the population in 100 settlements of 44 regions, territories and republics of Russia.

The statistical error does not exceed 3.6%.

According to the majority of respondents (56%), large families it could be considered families with three children. Some respondents are “raising the bar”: 18% believe that large family maybe a family where four children, 13% - about five, 3% - at least six. Some lower them, giving them status large family already a family where there is at least two children (6%).

Survey participants were asked what dignity and what flaws have, in their opinion, large families in comparison with ordinary families, where there are few children (questions were asked in an open form).

When asked about the benefits large families 60% of respondents answered. In most cases it was about microclimate, family atmosphere. According to respondents, large families - friendly, united, mutual assistance is developed in them (21% of responses), in such families children are not alone (6%) and support each other (7% of responses), they have more love, mutual understanding, respect for each other (6% of responses) and in general they are fun and joyfully (5%).

It was also said that in large family Children develop such positive qualities as hard work and responsibility, altruism, honesty, kindness, caring, independence, sociability etc. (11% of responses). Some noted that in children in large families- support for parents and support for them in old age (4% of answers).

When asked about shortcomings large families 71% of respondents answered. As a rule, respondents talked about material and domestic unsettlement such families, about poverty, as a result of which children do not receive much, about the fact that it is difficult to put everyone on their feet, to provide a decent education, etc. etc., about difficulties in general. Some said that in families with many children parents do not pay due attention to their children, they are left to their own devices and grow up unkempt (4%).

Some people think that parents with many children often suffer from alcoholism, show irresponsibility (2%) and that in such families children often feel defective and grow up to be social people (1%).

As we see, Russians’ ideas about large families are multidimensional and ambiguous. An equally ambiguous picture emerges from respondents’ answers to closed-ended questions.

Regarding the relationship between parents and children, then a third of respondents (34%) are inclined to think that the number children does not play any role in the family, but among those who think otherwise, the majority - 37% - believe that in large family relations are better than in one where there are few children (10% of respondents say that they are worse).

On the issue raising children There is even less agreement: according to 49% of survey participants, it is more difficult to raise them in a large family; according to 32%, it is easier. Social resources of children from large families respondents assess more definitely: the majority (57%) believe that it is more difficult for such children to succeed in life (7%) - which, on the contrary, is easier, and 23% - that the child’s life trajectory does not depend on whether he is in a large or small family grew up).

But the respondents closest to unanimity, which is typical, were on the question of “well-being.” large families: the majority of respondents (65%) are inclined to think that today in Russia there are many children more often in disadvantaged families (14% believe that prosperous families more often have many children). Apparently, these answers should be interpreted as follows: the realities of our time are such that many children are more likely to end up in dysfunctional families with irresponsible parents.

But it cannot be said that respondents consider having many children in itself to be something bad, a source of trouble. This follows at least from the fact that there is no clear opinion about whether parents with many children cope better or worse with their parental responsibilities: 22% think it is better, 24% think it is worse, and 54% simply found it difficult to answer this question. In addition, it is significant that, given ideal conditions, more than a third of Russians surveyed would themselves like to become parents with many children: 25% say they would like to have a third of children, 11% - four or more.