Combined lesson "care of clothes and shoes." Clothes care. Washing with two holes is easier

Municipal non-standard budgetary educational institution

"Lyceum No. 76 »

Outline of an open lesson on the topic:

“Care for clothes and shoes. Clothing repair".

(6th grade)

Developed by: technology teacher

Stepanova Larisa Mikhailovna

Topic: Clothes care. Clothing repair.

Target:

Educational: familiarize students with methods and means for caring for clothes and shoes, with symbols on clothing labels; with types of fittings, with methods of sewing fittings; teach how to sew accessories to clothes.

Developmental: develop the ability to compare and draw conclusions.

Educational: to cultivate a desire to take care of oneself, to look clean, tidy, to be neat, and to take care of clothes and shoes.

Visual aids and equipment:

product care products; accessories (buttons, hooks); samples of clothing labels; table with symbols for clothing care; samples of sewing buttons, accessories for practical work, textbook “Technology. Service labor" 6th grade, ed. V.D. Simonenko, ed. "Ventana-Count".

On the desk:“Take care of your honor from a young age, and take care of your dress again.”

Conceptual apparatus: Label

Accessories

Patch

Lesson plan:

Organizing time

Presentation of new material

Practical work

Fixing the material

Lesson summary

Cleaning workplaces

Homework.

During the classes

Organizing time (checking readiness, absentees).

Encrypted words are written on the board:

ITSRKA – wash

YUTUG – iron

AKSHUS – wash

TSAGOUPVI – button

What are these words? What do they mean? What are they connected to?

Students formulate the purpose of the lesson, and the topic of the lesson is announced.

Presentation of new material:

Teacher: When we visit museums where clothes are displayed, we are surprised that they look neater, neater than a dress we bought recently.

Why?

The fact is that thrift and accuracy at all times and among all peoples were considered a human virtue - his great dignity. If we try, we can also acquire such qualities.

But here you need both desire and skill.

Wherever we are: at home, at school or on the street, our clothes absorb pollution from everything around us and from our own body.

A person secretes a significant amount of sweat through the pores of his skin; sweat contains various salts, fats and other substances, traces of which we can see, for example, on the collars and cuffs of our clothes.

Environmental pollution - soot, dust, vehicle exhaust gases - also affects the contamination of clothing.

Electrostatic energy also helps in soiling clothes - it attracts dust particles, debris, etc.

You need to be able to properly care for your clothes, then they will last longer and look better. It’s not for nothing that they say: “Take care of your honor from a young age, and take care of your dress again.”

What does it mean? (students' answer).

What does it mean to “take care” of clothes? (students’ answer).

Teacher:

Activities while purchasing products:

WITH

Write it down in your notebook.

Ironing

Storage

The fabrics from which dresses, trousers and jackets are made are different. That’s why they clean, wash and iron all these things in different ways.

How do I know if this item can be washed? (students' answer).

How to iron her? (students' answer).

Teacher: Which method to use depends on the raw material composition of the fabric.

The raw material composition and method of care for clothing is indicated on label, which must be sewn onto clothes.

There are international symbols indicating the conditions that must be observed when washing, bleaching and ironing textiles and knitwear.

Distribute cards with symbols (see appendix), study the textbook pp. 107 – 108.

Wash. To save time and money, you need to know the capabilities of various SMCs (synthetic detergents), take into account the type of fabric, its color and contamination:

Show SMS, look at the symbols and inscriptions on the packaging.

Student answers.

Teacher: Products made from natural silk and wool do not require soaking. Linen and cotton are possible.

Products of different colors should not be soaked in the same water, and therefore items are sorted before washing:

type of fabric

degree of pollution.

Silk and wool require more careful handling.

Products made from these fabrics cannot be boiled or washed in hot water (30 - 45 0); they are washed and dried inside out so that they do not fade. The water for washing and rinsing should be equally warm. You can add fabric softener to the last rinse.

Drying. Products made of six and silk should not be twisted too much, because may lose shape. Usually they are gently, effortlessly squeezed out, and dried on hangers or spread out on a flat surface.

As soon as the clothes are dry, they should be removed and neatly folded.

Ironing. Silk items can be ironed carefully and simply while they are damp; if they are too dry, it is better not to spray them with water - uneven humidity will cause wrinkles and folds. Silk is ironed at a temperature of 100 - 110 0, from the inside out, otherwise all the seams and darts will appear on the front side.

The wool product is ironed at a temperature of 150 - 160 0 through a damp iron.

(Iron with steam)

First we iron small parts, then large ones.

Cleaning. Wool products can be cleaned with gasoline, acetone, and ammonia. Very careful! Silk cannot be cleaned!

Physical education minute:

Shoe care.

Teacher: Shoes also need to be looked after and stored properly. It is best to store shoes in dry places where the sun's rays do not penetrate. It is advisable to store the light one separately from the dark one.

It is convenient to keep shoes that we use every day in a special locker.

Newly purchased shoes immediately require attention; they need to be lubricated with cream. In this case, the shoes will look like new for a long time and last longer.

Shoes are cleaned in the evening and polished in the morning. Shoes intended to be worn in wet weather must be regularly wiped with oil or animal fat or special water-repellent cream(s).

Shoes should be dried at room temperature. It’s better to place it on a stand so that the sole can also dry. You can stuff the toes of your shoes with newsprint. For quick drying, there are special electric dryers.

You should put on your shoes using a special spoon (horn), then the backs will not wrinkle.

Over time, any shoe absorbs odors. Salt packed in a paper bag will help get rid of them.

Rubber shoes are worn only in rainy weather. Coming from the street, boots should be washed with cool water and wiped dry.

Do not wear rubber boots at temperatures below 0 0 and dry them close to a fire - they may crack.

These are the rules - this is a simple but very necessary science in life.

Clothing repair.

Teacher: In order for clothes to be in order, you need to not only wear them carefully, not only keep them clean, but also be able to repair them. You need to learn how to sew on buttons, hooks and snaps. Buttons, snaps, buckles, hooks, locks - “zippers” - clothing accessories (textbook: § 19, p. 112).

Accessories - These are auxiliary products that are used in sewing production.

It is used for fastening, hemming and finishing garments. When choosing accessories, take into account the properties of the fabric, style, cut and type of clothing. Fittings are selected according to size, shape and color.

Buttons – used for fastening and finishing clothes. According to their purpose, they are divided into coats, linen (for light clothing) and for special clothing. They are distinguished by design: without finishing and with finishing (with a pattern, inscriptions). They are made of plastic, wood, bone, etc. Buttons come with holes (2, 4) and on a stand. They are selected to match the color of the base material or finish. Buttons for a blouse or shirt are sewn tightly to the fabric, for outerwear - on a rack. Threads are selected to match the tone of the fabric or the tone of the buttons.

Buttons – a fastener made of two metal or plastic parts that fit into one another (punching and sewing) (p. 113).

Hooks – used in areas with low fabric tension in order to hide the fastener area. They are made of metal, of various shapes and sizes.

Patch – torn places on clothes can be sewn up by hand, on a machine with invisible stitches, or can be covered with a patch:

to match the fabric;

contrasting color (decorative patch).

different shapes: circle; square; heart, etc.

Practical work: (during practical work, you can use musical accompaniment)

sewing on buttons;

sewing hooks and eyes;

patch.

During work, follow safety rules when working with hand tools and an iron.

Fixing the material.

Does the method of caring for clothes depend on the properties of the fabric?

What are fittings?

How do you select buttons for clothes?

Decipher the signs:

a B C D E F

Answers:

a) Wash at 40 0 ;

b) Ironing at temperatures up to 150 0 ;

c) Vertical drying;

d) Can be bleached with chlorine;

e) Cannot be bleached;

e) Cannot be washed.

Lesson summary.

Homework: § 17 – 19, pp. 106 - 119

Cleaning workplaces.

Types of labels on textile products

1 slide

Technology lesson in 7th grade “Care of clothes. Wash." Technology teacher MBOU "Osipovskaya Secondary School" Kovrovsky district, Vladimir region Kuzmicheva I.V.

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Once upon a time, a person's only clothing was the skin of a killed animal. Today, our wardrobe provides the appropriate “skin” for any event in our lives: children’s clothing, women’s and men’s clothing, maternity clothing, sportswear, fashionable clothing, winter clothing, work clothing. Clothes, like shoes, will last longer if they are treated correctly. Tips for caring for clothing are indicated on the tag (marking tape) sewn to the item from the inside out.

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Washing clothes, like any household work, if it is not organized rationally, is by no means an easy task, especially since washing cannot be classified as an easy type of household work. Washing is a physical and chemical process for cleaning textiles (clothing, bed linen, curtains, etc.), using aqueous solutions of detergents: surfactants, enzymes, pigments, bleaches, etc. The main purpose of washing : removal of various contaminants. Washing can be combined with bleaching.

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Washing methods: Hand. It has been used since time immemorial. Machine - using a washing machine. The most modern and effective method of washing, mechanizing, and now automating all or almost all stages of washing. Ultrasonic - using ultrasound. A potentially promising method of washing, however, existing equipment for ultrasonic washing has, unfortunately, relatively low efficiency.

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Washing stages Soaking - soaking textiles in a solution of detergents and/or bleach for swelling, partial dissolution and chemical decomposition of contaminants. The actual washing is rinsing and scrubbing textiles in a detergent solution. Boiling is heating textiles soaked in a surfactant or bleach solution to boiling temperature for the purpose of thermal decomposition of certain types of contaminants and disinfection. Spin - removing most of the washing solution by twisting or centrifuging. Rinse - rinsing textiles in clean water to remove detergents and emulsified soils. Conditioning - rinsing textiles in a conditioner solution that improves certain parameters of the fabric (softeners, starch, bluing, optical brighteners). Drying is the removal of water from textiles by evaporation.

Slide 9

Washing reagents Emulsify contaminants and reduce the surface tension of the washing solution, which facilitates its penetration between the fibers of the fabric. May be of the following types: Saponins - surfactants of plant origin. Soap is the most ancient type of artificial surfactant, known for several millennia. Laundry soap is usually used for washing. Washing powder is a synthetic surfactant (for example sodium lauryl sulfate) in a powdery consistency. Washing gel is a concentrated aqueous solution of a synthetic surfactant. Surfactants (detergent)

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Enzymes Enzymes of biological origin that decompose certain organic contaminants. Enzymes usually lose activity when the wash temperature is too high. The most commonly used enzymes are: Protease - decomposes proteins, facilitating the removal of protein contaminants (food, sweat, mucus, mold, etc.). Not suitable for washing protein fabrics (wool, natural silk), as it destroys them. It can also gradually destroy polyamides (nylon, nylon). Keratinase - decomposes keratin (horny substance), which makes up skin scales and small hairs. Destroys wool and natural silk. It can also gradually destroy polyamides (nylon, nylon). Amylase - decomposes starch, facilitating the removal of food debris. Cellulase - destroys thin cellulose fibers, which refreshes the color of plant-based fabrics (cotton, linen, hemp, jute). If used too intensively, it destroys the tissues themselves. Lipase - decomposes fats.

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Alkaline salts Saponify fats, making them easier to remove, and also reduce water hardness. Sodium carbonate (soda ash) - this additive is undesirable for hand washing, as it is harmful to the skin. Sodium phosphate (trisodium phosphate) - this additive has an adverse effect on the environment, causing eutrophication of water bodies. Chemical bleaches Being oxidizing agents, bleaches chemically decompose and bleach intensely colored stains (for example, wine or grass stains) and also promote disinfection. Bleaches are divided into chlorine-containing and peroxide.

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Pigments Used to improve the color of white textiles. Blue is used to correct the yellow tint of washed laundry, and optical brightener (“optical blue”) is a fluorescent substance that converts ultraviolet radiation into blue light, which eliminates yellowness and increases albedo. Starch is used to increase the mechanical rigidity of textiles after ironing, which allows them to better retain their shape during further use.

Slide 13

Excipients These include: Water softeners, for example Trilon B, zeolites. Foaming agents - increase the formation of foam, which helps clean fabrics during hand washing. Defoamers are necessary to prevent the formation of excess foam during machine washing. Anti-resorbents that prevent emulsified contaminant particles from settling back onto the fabric, such as carboxymethylcellulose. Salt ballast, which facilitates dissolution and regulates the pH of the solution, such as sodium sulfate. Flavorings (fragrances).

Slide 14

Washing rules Preparation First of all, things need to be prepared for washing. Remove everything from your clothing pockets (keys, money, notes, etc.). Turn the bed linen inside out and remove any debris that has accumulated in the corners. Straighten the cuffs on the sleeves of shirts. Turn trousers, skirts, knitwear, socks, tights, stockings inside out. This way they retain their color longer. Unfasten the buttons. Fasten zippers, buttons and hooks. Tie laces and ribbons. If necessary, treat stains with stain remover.

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Sorting First, pay attention to the labels and the composition of the fabric. Clothes that require more delicate washing with special requirements for temperature and/or reagents are set aside separately; lightly soiled items made from coarser fabrics that are compatible in color and washing conditions can be added to them. To avoid staining of some fabrics by others due to shedding, wash white items separately, light items separately, and dark items separately. Separately, it is also recommended to wash heavily faded and heavily soiled clothing. It is not recommended to wash colored items at too high a temperature. Heavily soiled items made from not too delicate fabrics are best washed with soaking. Items that require boiling (or machine washing at 95°C) for disinfection are also washed separately.

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Washing requirements for different fabrics Natural plant fabrics: cotton, linen, hemp, jute. Can be washed at almost any temperature and with almost any reagents. Natural fabrics of animal origin: wool, silk, as well as polyamides: nylon, nylon. Such fabrics should be washed carefully, at a temperature not exceeding 50–60°C. They cannot be washed with enzymes that decompose proteins (protease, keratinase), chemical bleaches or alkaline salts cannot be used.

Storing clothes Clothes in your wardrobe must be stored in accordance with specific rules. First of all, your items should not be pressed against each other to avoid deformation of collars and sleeves and other creases. Clothes that are worn quite often should be placed closer to the wardrobe door. It is advisable to store trousers on hangers specially designated for this purpose.

Several times a year it is necessary to clean and ventilate your own wardrobe, and at the same time take your clothes out into the fresh air, thoroughly check for the presence of moth-eaten areas, thoroughly clean them of dust, and then put them back in the wardrobe. Knitted items may become distorted if hung on hangers, so it is recommended to fold them carefully.

Outerwear should be hung on hangers, with several buttons fastened. Clothes that have gotten wet in the rain must first be dried and only then put away in the closet. It is advisable to store rubberized items away from heat sources (stoves, for example). Otherwise, cracks will begin to form on them prematurely. Each item must be inspected after use, sewn up or glued if necessary. In this case, your clothes will certainly serve you for a long time and look elegant and neat.

Storing winter clothes in a closet If you have a fur coat, then you need to store it in a large closet. It should hang on a very strong hanger with fairly wide hangers. It is best to place the fur coat in a loose cover that allows air to pass through well. Use tobacco, lavender and juniper against moths. Do not expose your fur coat to direct sunlight, the fur may fade and the product will become shabby. Also, do not place your fur coat close to heating appliances.

To store a down jacket, you must first dry it. Because down dries very slowly. You should store down items flattened, without using different bags. To prevent the color from fading, avoid exposure to direct sunlight. Fasten all buttons and zippers. Hang the product on a hanger. It is best to store a down jacket in a case. Be sure to make room for the down jacket so that it does not wrinkle. Keep your wardrobe free of moisture.

How to properly store summer clothes? In order for summer clothes to always be in excellent condition, they should only be stored neatly folded in piles, or in covers, boxes on shelves, some items can hang on hangers, but absolutely every item must be washed before long-term storage. This will help rid the product of stains that are permanently eaten away over the winter.

If clothes are sent for long-term storage, they should not smell like washing powder. That is why after washing, all items should be dried in the open air for good ventilation. Before folding clothes, you need to inspect every detail, and if there are any flaws, a button has come off or a hole has appeared, fix everything. You should definitely check your pockets; nothing should be stored in them, not even small debris that could harm things.

Products made from light fabrics should be stored especially carefully; it is better to buy bags for storing clothes and put all chiffon, silk and other items of clothing there. If you store such items on shelves in dark linen bags, you can preserve the brightness of the fabric. If suddenly the outfit is very long, then you should throw it over the hanger.

Children's clothing should be stored according to the same rules, with the only difference: children quickly outgrow things. Therefore, before putting things away, you need to reconsider what will be worn next year, and what needs to be sorted by age, put into storage or given to someone.

When fighting moths, remember that they love dirt and dust, so wash and air things often before putting them in the closet. Once a year, you need to thoroughly wash and clean the inside walls of your closet and chest of drawers. Do not line shelves with newspapers containing glue residue; it attracts moths.

Before spending money on purchasing various imported anti-moth products, pay attention to natural remedies. These are primarily pieces of dried lemon and orange peel, lavender, sprigs of wormwood, geranium, wild rosemary. Wormwood Geranium Ledum

Walnut branches, resinous pine chips, flowers and leaves of St. John's wort are also used. Place them between your clothes and shoes. Place a few clove buds in the pockets of raincoats, jackets and coats. Cloves will also protect woolen items from moths very well.

Useful tips All herbal remedies in the fight against moths must be regularly and periodically replaced with new ones. You can also alternate them and choose the most suitable and optimal one for yourself. Before storing your items, you need to wash them and put them in the closet when they are clean. To fight moths, our grandmothers used mothballs, tobacco or shag. The smell of these drugs was absorbed into clothes, but in those days this was considered the norm. Nowadays, in order to protect your home from these insects, the retail chain offers a wide selection of drugs and means for control. But it is worth considering that by using these chemicals we will destroy not only moths, but also pollute our home. We recommend using folk remedies. They may not be as effective, but they won’t do any harm, that’s for sure. And this is important in our time.

Slide 1

CLOTHING CARE SIGNS

Slide 2

Washing process
Chlorine bleaching process
Ironing process
Dry cleaning process
Tumble Drying
According to STB ISO 3758-2001, the symbol system for product care includes five main symbols, in the presence of which the marking tape complies with this standard. The characters must be arranged strictly in the following order:

Slide 3

Gentle mode
Delicate mode
Low temperature
average temperature
Heat

Slide 4

Washing Washing
Washable
Gentle wash. Precisely maintain the water temperature, do not subject it to strong mechanical processing, during spinning - slow centrifuge mode
Delicate wash. Large amount of water, minimal mechanical processing, quick rinse
Washing is prohibited
Wash in cold water (up to 30°C)
Wash in warm water (up to 40°C)
Wash in hot water (50°C and above)
Hand wash only. Do not rub, do not squeeze. Maximum temperature – 40°С
Do not squeeze
m

Slide 5

Whitening Whitening
Can be bleached
Can't bleach
Can be bleached using chlorine
Bleach only without chlorine

Slide 6

Ironing Ironing
Can be ironed
Do not iron
Iron at high temperature (up to 200°C)
Iron at medium temperature (up to 150°C)
Iron at low temperature (up to 110°C)
Do not steam

Slide 7

Dry cleaning Dry cleaning
Dry cleaning (dry cleaning).
Dry cleaning is prohibited.
Dry cleaning with any solvent
Cleaning with conventional reagents. For example, perchlorethylene, bicarbonate or gasoline
The same, but gentle cleaning
Cleaning with white spirit only
The same, but gentle cleaning

Slide 8

Drying and spinning Drying and spinning
Can be dried
Do not dry (used together with "Do not wash")
Can be wringed and tumble dried
Do not wring or tumble dry
Dry at low temperature.
Dry at medium temperature.
Dry at high temperature.
Gentle spinning and drying
Delicate spinning and drying
Vertical drying The product can be dried hanging on a line
Dry without spinning on a hanger in a vertical position
Dry without spinning on a horizontal surface
Dry in the shade