Speech like a child. How to develop not only coherent speech in a child, but also thinking. What does speech development depend on?

Any mom I am sensitive to everything that concerns the health and development of my baby. And, needing guidelines for “correctness,” he often becomes hostage to statistical norms. This applies to teeth, height, weight, motor activity and, of course, speech. A child who does not fit into the tablets causes increased anxiety in the mother and, as a result, torture in the form of active activities, examinations, increased nutrition, strict regime - everything that is enough strength and financial resources.

How to develop a child's speech?

Norms of speech development for children

Let's get acquainted with the standperformance standardsspeech development for children aged one to three:

At 1.5 years old - pronounce a simple phrase of the action-object link (give me a cup, give me a ball). Omissions and incomplete pronunciation of an object or action are allowed.
At 2 years old - pronounce a sentence of three or four words. It is highly desirable to use different endings, plurals, prepositions, etc. It is this skill that is the criterion for assessing the level of speech development, and not the number of words in the child’s luggage.
After 2 years – understand speech accurately and fulfill requests. Without missing words, construct phrases using all members of the sentence (adjectives, verbs, prepositions, adverbs, pronouns). It is allowed if the child does not pronounce certain sounds, as a rule, these are hissing sounds, R and L.

As we see, the “norms” are very different from reality. Of the children I meet on the playgrounds, only one child manages to meet the “Norm.” Let's try to figure it out step by step...

What is speech and how is itis being formed?

The mechanism of speech consists of two parts - understanding the speech of an adult and the child’s own speech. Both mechanisms are formed gradually with different progress; as a rule, by the age of three the child speaks tolerably. The first steps to mastering speech lie through gestures. Even in infancy, children stretch their hands to the desired object. Next, he consciously uses a pointing gesture, a negative gesture (shaking his head), a request gesture “give” (squeezing his palm), etc. Many children are in no hurry to switch from sign to oral speech. Don't rush your child, this is a very important stage. Sign language is an integral part of spoken language. Continue to respond to the gestures by speaking out loud the child's request and your actions, thus voicing the full dialogue. Also, to learn any skills, a child needs to show attention and curiosity. This is called voluntary attention, that is, attention consciously switched from object to object. This is what underlies any learning.

What slows down a child’s speech development?

Many parents underestimate the degree of influence of the environment and unknowingly inhibit the development of new skills, including speech. Bad habits:

TV and other derivatives. It is an indisputable fact that screen speech slows down speech development. Speech is often distorted, fast, not addressed to the child, and does not require a response or action from him. In addition, watching TV trains involuntary attention (forced). The child is unable to tear himself away from endless bright pictures and loud sounds. This also applies to so-called educational cartoons. Remember, all screen viewing has only two directions: to spoil the eyesight of children and to free parents from communicating with their children.
Continuously playing music. The words in the songs sound drawn-out or too fast, the child does not understand them, does not see the articulation. Children's songs are no exception. The best performance is on behalf of the parents, in which case choose a slow pace, understandable words. Music without words is acceptable, but in doses and quietly.
Educational applications and computer games are extremely harmful. In addition to the powerful factor of speech inhibition, they also deprive the child of his creative imagination by offering stereotyped situations with ready-made solutions. Children should know about the wealth of choice of behavior in a given situation. It is parents who introduce options for behavior in life situations if: a toy is taken away, a toy falls and hits, how to share a toy, how to ask for a drink, etc.
Speech toys will not teach your children anything. The pronunciation leaves much to be desired, there is no articulation, the phrase is spoken into the air. Children should play with real three-dimensional and understandable characters (doll, dog, cat, etc.). At some point, the toy in his hands will say “meow” or “av av” - this will be your victory. Why voice what he already says?!... It is “manual” games that have a positive effect on the development of thinking and speech. With live toys you can play out what happens to your baby during the day. Talk, dress, feed, fall asleep with a doll or a tractor. You can love them! However, remember - an excess of toys can cause satiety in a child, as a result of dulling of curiosity and loss of interest in everything new.

Pay due attention to your communication with your child. Do not allow yourself to communicate “looking at the TV” or from your height. Try to be at the same level face to face. Find the strength to answer Mom 101. Put yourself in his shoes. Surely you are annoyed when loved ones do not react to your words, pretending that nothing happened. Or they talk to you, but act constrained, answer inappropriately, and hardly look at you. Do an experiment. Place an adult at the kitchen table, take the baby by the hand and come as close to his feet as possible. Lower yourself so that your eyes are at the same level and look through the eyes of a child at an adult. It's you - the Mom who cooks and the baby who wants to say something. Can you see a lot? Interesting? Do you want to talk in this situation? Is it convenient to talk with your head up? You call Mom, but she doesn’t even look at you...

Organize a place for games. It is ideal to play on different sides of the children's table, located opposite each other. This way the baby will see the articulation and eventually try to repeat it. Watch your own speech, it should be clear, not fast. During communication, maintain silence, preferably from birth. In silence, a child can concentrate on the adult’s speech, as well as hear and evaluate the quality of his own.

Teach your child to play with a doll or car. Act out daily activities: feeding, visiting, hide and seek, with dialogues between toys. This way the baby will learn to spend time on his own, playing out his favorite scenes and trying to voice them.

Ask obviously wrong questions provoking a reaction of denial. Let’s say: “Does the cat have a tail? Does mom have a tail? The dog says “meow?” Regardless of the answer, pronounce a detailed refutation - “No, the dog does not say “meow”, it says “av-av.” When constructing a question, use words whose meaning is well known to the child.

Fingers in mouth is a bad habit, however, this is a necessary study of the speech organs. Tongue, gums, teeth. Let your child explore them. Encourage the desire to drink from a cup and eat with a spoon. The tongue makes various movements that prepare it for pronunciation. Practice exhaling through your mouth; it is at the exit that we make sounds. Blow on a candle, on something hot, on cotton wool, on foam. Pay attention to fine motor skills and find something you like. Massage your fingers.

Speech will develop slowly if the child is “squeezed” physically. The head looks down, the arms are pressed tightly to the body, tense, constrained postures predominate. Fearfulness to touch another child or adult. For the speech organs to work, the muscles of the face and body must be relaxed. Be physically accessible at all times. The child does not separate physical and verbal contact. By helping to overcome the barrier of physical contact, you will bring speech communication closer. To do this, hug your child more often, try not to refuse the desire to be held in your arms or fool around together. Give a feeling of security; if the baby asks to leave the object, do not insist. Try to relax your child's muscles through outdoor games. For example, falling on your back or tummy from a low springboard or your arms on the sofa. Never physically push your child away, even if he hurt you. Your task is to liberate, relax, and make sure that the baby’s movements and posture are trusting, free, and full of confidence in your support.

Give your child a voice. Ask more often - can I put on your socks and change your diaper? Which T-shirt do you want to wear, this one or that one? If you ask your child for his opinion, follow his answer. This will support his desire to express his desires more fully.

And the most important thing- speech can develop only in communication with a real, living interlocutor. It’s interesting that for a child “not spoiled” by cartoons, a toy can replace it.

Your baby may still be small, but he has a lot to tell you. It’s so nice when people listen to you :)

Let's consider how your child's speech should develop from birth to 2 years. Where does speech development begin in a child?

Indicators of child speech development

The first stage (from the birth of the child to one year) is preparatory. At this time, preparation for mastering speech occurs.

For the formation and development of speech, three components are necessary:

Emotional communication with the baby for the development of imitation;

Sensory development (tactile sensations, visual and auditory perception of objects);

Motor activity (training of general and fine motor skills).

One of the first manifestations of pre-speech development is the reflex cry of a child. IN 2-4 months the baby begins to utter short sounds - a hooting appears, and then a hum, which does not carry any semantic content. It should be noted that humming is also observed in children who are deaf from birth, which indicates that the child has an innate ability to master speech.

WITH 5 months the child hears sounds, sees articulatory movements of the lips of those around him and tries to imitate adults. Repeated repetition of a certain movement leads to the consolidation of a specific motor skill.

Aged 7-9 months The child begins to repeat more and more diverse combinations of sounds after the adult. Babbling, singing syllables at 9 months is a prerequisite for normal speech development in the future. During babbling, feedback is developed between the work of the speech organs and the perception of external speech through the auditory canals, which contributes to the development of the voice.

It should be noted that in the presence of serious disorders leading to speech pathology, babbling is observed to fade (for example, in autism, sensorineural hearing loss, etc.).

IN 12 months The preparatory stage in speech development ends; a baby’s vocabulary at this age usually ranges from 5-7 to 9-12 words. The vowels a, u, o, and have been learned; consonants m, p, b, k, g. The child purposefully uses gestures for communication, has the ability to correlate a word with an object, for example, picks up a dog and says: “Aw-aw”, takes a toy cat, brings it to a bowl and says: “ Yum-yum”, etc.

TO one and a half years A baby's vocabulary can reach 50 words. At this stage, it is important to achieve in the child a correlation between words and actions; he must correctly understand simple requests: sit, drink, sleep, wash, run, etc. During this same period, it is necessary to stimulate the need to use one-word sentences (give, drink... ), a little later - a two-word phrase (in the process of playing with toys, displays, looking at pictures depicting simple actions, involve the baby in a conversation: “I’m carrying a doll, my doll, I’m giving a doll. What are you doing? Are you carrying a doll? Say: “I’m carrying a doll.” ""; “I eat, I play, I sing... What are you doing? Tell me...” etc.).

IN 2 years many children speak in simple sentences. By this age they learn the sounds n, t, d, t', n', l, s', x', t', y. The baby can already communicate with loved ones for quite a long time in his own language (autonomous speech), but provided that they understand it; shows parts of the body that an adult names. It’s okay if a child misses individual syllables in words (goodbye - do danya), inserts extra sounds (glass - tankanchik), and when consonants coincide, he omits one sound (table - tol). Even if only close people understand it, this corresponds to normal speech development.

Speech development occurs individually: some begin to speak earlier, others later, but by the age of 3, a child’s vocabulary averages from 300 to 800 words. The baby already speaks in sentences of 3-4 words, his speech is understandable not only to loved ones, but also to strangers. He can pronounce the sounds y, e, l, s, z, c, zh, ch, sh. At this age, violations of sound pronunciation and the syllabic structure of words consisting of more than 3 syllables are permissible. The baby understands and follows simple verbal instructions and is able to memorize simple poems.

If up to two months the baby expresses all his needs only by loudly screaming or crying, then the situation changes radically.

The child’s speech develops like a snowball, progressively: first, an unconscious hum appears, imperceptibly it flows into babbling, and now the first syllables are heard, which gradually begin to form into the simplest words. The task of parents is to develop the child’s speech correctly, as pediatricians advise to do: talk to the baby without excessive “lisping”, clearly pronouncing all the words. This material is dedicated to how to quickly develop a child’s speech.

Early speech development of a child: humming, babbling, first syllables

The baby begins to make its first sounds very early, at 2-3 months. This is how a child’s speech develops up to one year: in response to his mother’s appearance and affectionate address, he will begin to pronounce drawn-out sounds consisting of the repetition of individual vowels: a-a-a-a, o-o-o-o, o-o-o-o- y and so on. From this baby's humming and babbling, the child's early speech development begins, speech is formed, and its formation and development depends on the quality of your communication with the child.

How to help a child develop speech correctly? In the first year of life, it is important for a child to hear how and what his mother and other family members say to him. He must learn to understand speech addressed to him and only then try to pronounce sounds himself. Conversations between adults are incomprehensible and uninteresting for a child, sometimes even tiresome when several people talk at the same time.

The peculiarity of the speech development of young children is that long before the child utters the first word, he already begins to master the language with the help of his ears. First, he listens and begins to understand the speech of his parents and loved ones, and then tries to imitate them by pronouncing sounds. It is still too early to call the sounds made by a child speech, because in the appearance of speech it is important not only the development of the speech apparatus, but primarily brain activity.

When a child meaningfully pronounces the word “mom” when his mother appears, this already indicates the formation of a speech function. In the meantime, he makes arbitrary sounds, and even syllables similar to words “ma-ma-ma”, “ba-ba-ba”, “da-da-da”, etc., he trains the speech apparatus and prepares it for many years of intensive work.

How to properly develop speech in a child under one year old

The task of the mother and other family members is to ensure that the baby hears spoken language more often and learns to understand it. Whenever addressing a child from birth, for the development of his speech, words must be pronounced correctly and clearly, any action must be commented on, all objects and the child’s environment must be constantly named so that he understands what the conversation is about.

How to develop a child’s speech in one year so that the baby quickly masters communication skills? You need to respond to the sounds he makes with words so that the child realizes that there is full communication between you.

The baby pronounces the first meaningful words at 11-12 months; Of course, these words become simple and understandable to him: mom, dad, baba, here, give. But he expresses all other various emotions with rich intonation and babble, consisting of more complex sounds. Until the age of one and a half, such communication is quite satisfactory for the baby and parents, but closer to the second birthday, speech begins to develop rapidly.

A real speech leap occurs, due to the development of brain activity, which is tuned to the perception, understanding and assimilation of the speech of an adult. And once speech becomes understandable, then mastering it is not difficult for a child, especially since his brain is more ready than ever to master everything new.

It is worth noting that the baby best understands the speech of people close to him, to whom he is accustomed, whose intonations and facial expressions are familiar to him from birth. The speech of a stranger may be incomprehensible to him because it has a different timbre, different intonation and articulation.

Speech development of a child at 2 years old: how to quickly help a child develop speech

The speech development of a child at 2 years old allows him to pronounce not individual words, but short sentences, actively uses not only the names of objects, but also denotes their actions, qualitative characteristics, and includes prepositions and conjunctions in his vocabulary.

How to develop speech in a child at this age? During this period, your communication with him becomes even more important. When talking with a child or among themselves, parents must pronounce words correctly and clearly, because he repeats after you not only the pronunciation, but also the intonation and pattern of speech.

Voice every desire and every action when going for a walk, washing the dishes or preparing the bath for a swim. Read books out loud, recite poems, sing songs, and involve your child in repeating and singing them together. Rhythmic nursery rhymes are easy to remember and are recited with pleasure by your child at your request.

He already knows the meanings and names of many objects and repeats them in various cases: “this is my shirt,” “I’m putting on a shirt,” “the dog is barking,” “I see a dog.”

A child masters any skill, including speech, better through play. Therefore, turn acquaintance with new words and memorize them into a game: put a familiar toy (doll) in a mitten (an unfamiliar object, an unfamiliar word) in front of the child’s eyes. Ask: “Where did this doll hide? Let's see if she's wearing a mitten? Let the baby get the toy himself, and you praise: “What a great guy!” I found a doll in a mitten.”

If you cannot pronounce a word correctly the first time, do not force your child to repeat it several times, as this will discourage you from mastering speech. But when the word is finally pronounced correctly, praise the child. And in general, never skimp on praise and affection. Positive emotions stimulate a child’s development and give impetus to understanding the world, including language development.

The age-related characteristics of children's speech development are such that girls begin to speak earlier, and boys lag behind in this matter, sometimes quite significantly. Finally, the girls will take revenge for the fact that they started walking later. If your baby is stubbornly silent, you should contact a specialist to rule out serious causes of silence: hearing loss, organic damage to the nervous system, genetic disorders.

If examinations by an otolaryngologist, psychoneurologist, or speech therapist do not reveal any pathology, then continue to work on speech development - and you will achieve success. After a long silence, your “mute” will start talking - you can’t stop it, in full accordance with the wise saying: “It takes a person 2 years to learn to speak, and a whole life to learn to be silent.”

The list of skills and abilities that a child masters at the age of 1-3 years is very extensive. Parents will have to help the baby learn to roll over, crawl and walk, hold a spoon, manipulate toys and, of course, talk.

Why is the development of speech skills so important for a baby?

Timely acquisition of speech skills is very important for the development of the child as a whole. Speech helps improve the child’s mental activity, expands his ability to understand the world, has a positive effect on the child’s mental state, and plays an important role in regulating the baby’s behavior.

In addition, sufficiently developed speech makes acts of communication between the child and any close adult successful and reduces the risk of the child’s aggressive reactions to misunderstanding on the part of adults.

Many parents believe that this skill will develop on its own and that no additional effort is needed. However, this opinion is wrong. Developing a child’s speech is the task of mom and dad, who must first of all constantly talk to him from infancy.

In addition, it is important for parents to constantly initiate communication situations. If you don’t teach your baby his native speech, at least he will speak quite late, and in the worst case, you can miss neurological problems and developmental delays.

What stages of speech development does a child go through from birth?

From the first sounds to the baby’s first words, the path is neither close nor easy. The baby and his parents have a lot to learn. There are six main milestones in a child’s speech development:

Scream

This means of communication is available to the baby from birth at the reflex level. When a child feels discomfort caused by hunger, pain, a wet diaper or something else, he screams, expressing his displeasure.

Over time, the mother may notice that the baby can scream not only out of need, but also simply to call her. The child makes a voice, then pauses, waiting to see if someone will come to his call. If no one rushes to the baby, he begins to scream louder.

Moreover, the cries of a three-month-old baby already differ in intonation and volume, and therefore in content, so that observant parents can already understand from the sound what exactly the baby wants to communicate.

Booming

This is the next milestone in speech development. The sounds pronounced by the baby during this period (from approximately 2-3 to 5-7 months) are varied: these are both vowels and consonants, which the baby seems to sing: “aaa”, “gyyyy”, “agu”, “guu” .

The child is especially active in the presence of loved ones, when they are playing or talking to him.

It’s good if the mother does not hesitate to repeat the sounds that the baby makes, because then, by trying to repeat after her, he will master them even better. The older the baby gets, the longer the chain of sounds available to his articulatory apparatus he can skip.

Babbling

After babbling, the next stage of baby speech development is babbling. Now the baby tastes the syllables: “ma”, “ba”, “pa”, etc. At first, he pronounces these sound combinations once, and having remembered how to do it and what comes out of it, he tries to pronounce several identical syllables: “ma -ma-ma", "tu-tu". This is an important step towards mastering words.

First words

The child usually speaks his first words at the age of 11-12 months. Continuing to actively babble, the baby may notice that small combinations of sounds familiar to him make up longer ones, to which the family reacts very joyfully: “ma-ma”, “pa-pa”, “ba-ba”.

At this stage of speech development, it is very important for adults to get involved as actively as possible, “throwing” at the baby a lot of short words, the meaning of which will be clear to him. Onomatopoeias are well remembered: “av-av”, “boom”, “bam”, “ko-ko”, “bi-bi” and others.

In addition, it is useful to comment on your actions and the actions of the baby, read more out loud and train the muscles of the child’s cheeks and lips using a variety of exercises:

articulation gymnastics,
playing the pipe and harmonica,
blowing soap bubbles,
even deflating dandelion parachutes.

In this way, the baby’s speech apparatus will be prepared for the next stage - active speaking.

Mastering more complex words and increasing your vocabulary

Mastering the words of the adult vocabulary is another step towards full speech. A period of active expansion of vocabulary is coming, and for the development of the baby’s speech, it is important for parents to use words from different parts of speech when communicating with their child:

nouns,
Verbs,
adjectives.

The baby learns more and more different objects and actions and begins to call them by their proper names, even if sometimes distorted: “lyalaka” (tumbler), “ampka” (light bulb), “babaka” (dog).

It is important not to scold your child if he fails to pronounce a word correctly, but to repeat it again and again in the correct version. Gradually, the baby will master the intricacies of articulation and will be able to speak quite clearly, but first he will try to put several words together.

Putting words into phrases

Connecting words into short phrases and then into long ones is usually available to a child closer to two years of age. During this period, the child composes simple phrases such as “Lala is sleeping,” “the dog is coming.”

If at the previous stages of speech development the baby heard enough words denoting not only objects, but also actions and basic signs, it will be easy for him to combine familiar words into understandable phrases, comprehending a variety of situations.

How to develop your baby's speech at home?

The child begins to express his emotions and desires from the first days, including through verbal means. Therefore, speech skills should be developed as early as possible. Of course, this does not mean that in a month the child will recite Barto by heart; the lessons will have a cumulative effect.

From birth to six months

So, the baby moves into the house. Parents and the baby continue their recently begun acquaintance with each other, look for a convenient daily routine, and get used to the changes. One of these changes is commenting on your actions.

Verbal contact with the child

Of course, no adult in his right mind would simply do this. However, for parents of a baby this is absolutely normal and even necessary: “Who woke up here? This is Ksyushenka waking up! Now Ksyusha and I will wash ourselves, like this, first we’ll wash our right eye, now our left,” and stuff like that.

Please note that from a very early age you need to talk to your child, although affectionately, but without distorting the words, pronouncing them clearly, without lisp. This will give the child the opportunity to remember lexical units in the correct form.

Educational songs and nursery rhymes

It’s great if a mother has several nursery rhymes and songs in her arsenal: rhythmic combinations of words will interest the baby, their sound is useful for the development of the child’s speech, sense of rhythm, and hearing.

A very good effect is shown by reading nursery rhymes during daily rituals: massage, bathing, games. Each type of activity has its own rhyme, its own lexical group, its own intonation. Over time, the baby will learn both the procedures themselves and the words that correspond to them.

Praise and support

If you notice that your child is showing speech initiative and trying to pronounce new sounds, be sure to support him in this difficult task. Repeat the sound yourself, praise the baby, help the baby pronounce the new sound again.

Articulation gymnastics

Once the partying begins, you can perform articulatory gymnastics with your baby in the form of a game. An adult can puff out his cheeks, stick out his tongue, lick his lips and encourage the child to repeat after him.

And if you also smile between making faces, the baby will understand that this is a really funny game and will want to try to make it just as funny.

From 6 months to a year

Maintaining verbal dialogue, games

And during this period, you should not leave constant commentary on your actions and the actions of the baby, as well as repeating rhymes during daily procedures. It is also important to respond in a timely manner to all sounds and syllables that the child pronounces, responding to them with a short phrase and thus forming a dialogue.

The well-known games “Magpie” and “Ladushki” are good for children at this age - motor skills, coordination, and speech develop immediately. You also can’t do without playing hide and seek with the constant “peek-a-boo.”

Onomatopoeia

You can also begin to introduce your baby to animals by offering him one or two toys, talking about this or that animal and making a sound that is characteristic of it: “Katya, look at this pussy. The pussy is beautiful, white. Pussy says: “meow-meow!”

It is important each time, showing a toy, to say approximately the same thing until the child begins to recognize it and show it when requested (“Show the pussy. Where is the pussy? Here is the pussy: “meow-meow”). Children remember onomatopoeia willingly and easily.

From one to two years

If parents are carefully involved in the child’s speech development, then in the period from 15 to 18 months a leap should occur, when a considerable part of the child’s vocabulary carefully formed by adults passes from a passive state to an active one.

In other words, the baby begins to use words, naming certain objects, actions, and situations with them. However, while waiting for this moment, as well as after it, it is important not to stop classes aimed at mastering the speech skill.

Repetition of sounds and words

Continuing interaction with toys (remember our pussy “meow-meow”), you should introduce a new element into the situation - encourage the child to pronounce the sound that the animal says.

If the baby does not answer the question the first time, the adult does it himself: “What does the pussy say? Pussy says “meow.” Ksyusha, tell me, what does pussy say?” This helps to move words from a passive vocabulary into an active one, and helps the child begin to use knowledge in practice.

Examination of books and poems, their discussion

This is truly a whole field for the development of speech and other intellectual abilities: you can read, look at images, discuss, name objects, colors, look for something in a picture, etc.

It is important to do all this for an adult and a child together, and not just once, but repeating it day after day. It is necessary to read with expression, in different voices and with different intonations, as required by the text. Monotonous reading will not interest the baby, and the activity will bring neither pleasure nor benefit.

Verbal participation in dialogue with adults

It is necessary to remember: the age of 1.5 to 2 years already presupposes the child’s participation in the dialogue verbally. If previously it was enough that the question “Where?” the baby showed the desired object, now questions and tasks should require a simple verbal answer: “What is the elephant doing?”, “How does the dog bark?”, “Who came?”, “Let's call dad. How can we call dad?”

Completion of verses

After one and a half years, a child is able to cope with such an interesting and not too simple task as finishing rhymes. Those poems that you have already studied with your child through repeated repetition are probably already well imprinted in his memory.

When reading, try not to finish the last word of the stanza and ask the baby to finish the rhyme, while you can silently pronounce the word, actively moving your lips, so that the child understands what they want from him.

This kind of poetry reading can become one of your favorite activities together. Over time, it will be possible to encourage the baby to finish the word in each line, and soon the baby will surprise the adults with the entire poem told.

Expanding vocabulary, building phrases

As in previous periods, it is important for adults to comment on everything and everyone - at home, on a walk, while playing, continuing to develop the child’s vocabulary and giving him an example of the correct construction of phrases.

This will give the baby the opportunity to construct phrases of 2-3 words by the age of 20 months. And in order for the child’s speech abilities to be put into practice, do not forget to create situations in which the little person’s skills will manifest themselves. In other words, ask questions that a 2-year-old child can answer.

From 2 to 3 years

During this period, the child’s speech development proceeds in three directions:

Vocabulary and conceptual stock continues to increase.
There are attempts to construct more complex phrases (of two parts: “The bear is sleeping, and the bunny is walking”, with subordinating conjunctions “because”, “when” and others).
The sound of speech is “cleaned”: hissing, whistling sounds, unpronounceable “r” and other shortcomings are corrected (tongue twisters are well suited for this).

Question answer

Almost continuous commenting can be replaced by answers to your child’s questions. Most likely, there will be quite a lot of them, so parents still won’t have to remain silent. The main thing is to answer in a language accessible to the child and without overloading with unnecessary information.

Toy shows and productions

At this age, kids will be interested in taking part in a toy show. You can act out a small situation, the heroes of which will be the child’s favorite characters.

In other words, this is already a plot game, involving both a real and a speech situation. For example, you can offer to feed the dolls lunch, commenting “Let’s arrange the dishes. Who wants a cup? And this one? What color is the mug? Who will eat?

Such a game will develop the child’s thinking abilities and encourage him to use words appropriate to the situation.

Special exercises and techniques for the development of children's speech activity

Of course, all children are different and not all of them, as if on command, begin to pronounce their first words by the age of one year, and form phrases a little after one and a half years.

Parents have the power to help their children develop speech, and, in addition to the general rules described above, there are also special techniques that provoke the child to participate in dialogue in one way or another:

Artificial misunderstanding (provocation)

If a child is already at the age when he can name toys, but does not do this due to some personal “beliefs” and only commands his mother with a command squeak to give this or that thing, the mother can pretend that she does not understand: “I can’t understand , what do you want? A typewriter? A doll? Ball?"

As a rule, children easily succumb to this trick and either end up naming the desired object, or at least react affirmatively to a word during the listing process.

Situation of choice

When going for a walk or sitting your baby down for lunch, ask: “Will you wear a white blouse or a red one?”, “What are we going to drink, juice or milk?”, encouraging your baby to think about the answer and express it verbally.

Games for developing motor skills

Games with natural materials and any other material that promotes the development of fine motor skills also develop children's speech skills. A number of experts claim that such activities directly affect the improvement of their abilities.

Encouraging a different way of expressing thoughts

You should not get carried away with only one side of development, that is, speech. The child should have access to various ways of perceiving the world around him and expressing his thoughts on this matter.

Gestures and facial expressions, drawing and appliqué, design - all this allows the baby to express his idea of a particular event, object, phenomenon, while developing his sensory abilities. And it’s easy to accompany the action with a word.

Speech development in a young child is not an easy task. However, if you organize the activities correctly, they will gradually become firmly established in the life of the family and will seem like an integral part of everyday activities, and certainly will not cause discomfort.

Remember that if the baby is in a bad mood or does not want to devote time to speech development right now, you should not insist. Well, if your little one is ready to actively explore the world through speech, speak, sing, read with him, repeat as many times as he asks, and soon you will hear the first poems performed by your two- or three-year-old.

While your baby cannot speak and prefers to communicate with others using gestures, behavior, and reactions. However, the child will soon understand that he can use words to communicate and use them to describe his desires, feelings, and observations. But before uttering the first word, the baby listens carefully and remembers everything that happens around him.

How does a baby’s speech develop in the first year of life?:

From the very birth of a child, the process of speech development begins. And the first form of communication becomes... crying! The baby cries when he needs to tell his parents about something important, for example, about hunger, an uncomfortable position, a wet diaper or fatigue.
Closer to three months, humming begins to occur. The child enjoys making different sounds and is delighted with his own “speech,” which manifests itself in laughter. Perhaps by this age the baby is already responding to his name!
At six months of age, the toddler begins to master syllables. He learns to pronounce “ba”, “ma” - these are the sounds that are easier to pronounce than others. The child likes the way the syllables sound in his own performance, so he tries to pronounce them again and again.

When will a child learn to talk?:

From 1 to 1.5 years

At about one year of age, you can expect your baby to say his first word. It is quite possible that the first word will be slightly changed in sound. For example, a child will learn to say not “mama”, but “ama”.
Gradually, more and more new words will appear in the child’s vocabulary. At 15 months, most children use gestures to point to the object or person they are “talking about.”
The child is already able to understand and follow simple instructions, for example, “Come to the table” or “Take a toy.”

From 1.5 to 2 years

By 18 months, your baby’s vocabulary can be quite “rich”, ranging from 6 to 20 simple words. By the age of two years (24 months), a child has mastered 50 or even more new simple words.
During this time period, the child learns to connect two words with each other, from which a simple sentence is obtained. He is able to say “Carry me”, “Give me water”, “Take the doll”. When you sing a nursery rhyme, your baby will try to sing along with you. Therefore, take breaks in the song, let the child add lines of his own.
The child begins to talk while playing. Listen to what your child is saying as he creates his own little world with toys. Even if children's speech during games does not make sense at first glance, it is very important in development.
If your child's speech is slurred under age 2, there is still nothing to worry about. Children's speech develops and different sounds become available at different stages of development of this skill.

From 2 to 3 years

Every month the child speaks better and better. Often children's speech turns into screaming, because the child does not yet have full control over the timbre of his voice. Over time, your baby will understand how to change his voice to find the right pitch for speaking.
Pronouns appear in the child’s speech; he often uses the words “I” and “You.” In addition, the word “no” is heard more and more often in children’s speech, and this is a kind of way of asserting their independence from you!
During this year, the child will learn to speak about 300 words! He will form simple sentences using pronouns and verbs, for example, “I'm going now.” The child is entering the age of “why?”, so soon the questions “What?”, “Where?” and “Who?” will be a lot. Be patient, because your curious baby wants to know the answer to everything!
By the age of three, a child is able to conduct a simple dialogue with adults; he can tell what he has done recently or what he plans to do in the near future. Sometimes the child uses cases incorrectly or makes other grammatical errors in words. Don’t reproach your child for mistakes, just repeat after him how to say the sentence correctly.
At this age, the child can freely say his name, gender and age. Some children already know their last name.

How to speed up speech development?:

Talk to your baby as much as possible, talk about what is happening around him, where you are going to go, what you will do with him. The more speech a child hears, the more new words he learns and remembers.
Communication with the child does not stop even during feeding, bathing or changing diapers. During the conversation, pause, giving your baby the opportunity to “answer”, speak with a smile, in a friendly tone, and maintain eye contact.
Simplify your language when you talk to your child. Use short sentences and emphasize key words. This will help the baby focus on important information. Gradually expand and complicate the sentences addressed to the child. For example, if a child says “Fish,” you will tell him “Yes, that's a big fish!” You can increase your child's vocabulary by giving him choices. For example, say not just “Do you want an apple?”, but “Do you want an apple or an orange?” Show your child both fruits. This way you will connect the word and the picture together, and it will be easier for the child to remember the names of the fruits.
When you read a book to your child, you should not sit him on your lap. Place your baby opposite you, let him see HOW you talk and watch your articulation. This will help you master spoken language faster.
Read as much as possible with your child. Even if the child does not follow the plot of the book, this activity will definitely be beneficial.