Tabletop and dial scales types of device. Tabletop dial scales

The most common commercial scales in the USSR

Gorsky-Chernyshev Nikolai Andreevich (Russia, 1964) “It was recently - it was a long time ago” 1990.jpg



Photo from the Internet.

A. Lobov. Photo from the Internet.

Scales "Tyumen". Photo from the Internet.

The scales, made at the Tyumen instrument-making plant, became one of the symbols of the USSR. They have been produced since 1959. The last specimen was collected just a few years ago - in 2012. This marks the end of the half-century era of the Tyumen scales. Today they can only be found in small shops and rare establishments.

The history of the Tyumen scales dates back to 1959. In the first year, the local instrument-making plant produced 2,160 copies. From the very first days, scales began to enjoy great popularity - they were practical, of a stable design, and could withstand heat and frost (they worked at temperatures from -20 degrees to +50). The quality of the scales is the stuff of legends: some copies produced in the middle of the last century still work today.

Balabin Alexander Fedorovich (Russia, 1922-1977) “Kursk Antonovka” 1963
In 1978, the plant produced the first million scales, in 1994 - the second million. At the moment, there are more than 2.2 million copies throughout Russia (and not only - scales have even been exported to Africa).

Saifutdinov Anvar Kamilevich (Russia, 1962) “At the kiosk. Veliky Ustyug" 1987

This marked the end of the era of the legendary scales. But, despite the widespread use of electronic devices, Tyumen scales can still be seen in hospitals: portions for patients are weighed on them.

Kor Aba Maksovich (Russia, 1923-2007) “Leningrad. Street trading" 1970s

Moiseenko Evsey Evseevich (Russia, 1916-1988) “Behind the counter”

Roginsky Mikhail Alexandrovich (Russia, 1931-2004) “In the meat department” 1981

Zharenova Eleonora Aleksandrovna (Russia, .1934) “Meat sellers” 1960

Soyfertis Leonid Vladimirovich (Russia, 1911 - 1996) “Selling apples” 1971

Bob Scott North Kerry

Install the scales in a horizontal position on a solid, non-vibrating surface. The scales should not be exposed to direct air flows from fans. The room temperature should be from 10 to 40 °C, relative humidity no more than 80%.

The scales consist of a load receiving platform 1, a weighing device 2, two display units with fluorescent lamps 3, an electronic unit 4, three adjustable legs 5, a level 6 (to the right of the scales), a price adjuster 7, a “Tare” button 8, a “Network” toggle switch 9, connectors 10, 11 for connecting the recording device RU-ZTs, remote control panel.

The principle of operation of the scales is to automatically convert the force of gravity of the load into electrical signals proportional to the mass of the load. The weighing device multiplies the measured weight of the load by a given price. The result of the measurement and calculation is displayed on the digital display board and the output connector to the RU-ZTs.

The display unit can be installed at various angles, multiples of 90°, in relation to the weighing device. The “Tare” button is used to correct the tare weight when the load-receiving area is unloaded or when there is a container on it.

Preparation for work is as follows. Install the scales using screw feet using a level. Connect the scales to the power supply, turn on the “Network” toggle switch, press the “Tare” button and make sure that there are zero weight indicators. Press the “Tare” button again.

Before weighing, the price is set, starting with the highest digit. Place the load and calculate the weight and cost. When weighing cargo in a container, the mass of the container is pre-compensated. There should be zeros on the scoreboard. When a container is removed from the loading platform, the weight display shows the value of its mass with a minus sign.

Before weighing each new product, you must press the “C” (“Reset”) button and set a new price. At the end of the shift, you must turn off the scales using the “Power” toggle switch and remove the plug from the socket.

Trading desktop strain gauge scales VTNt (Fig. 4.11) are intended for weighing various food and non-food products. Scales can be used both autonomously and as part of automated commercial and industrial systems. High reliability and maintainability are supported by an automatic testing system that diagnoses the performance of the scales when the power is turned on.

The strain gauge measurement principle, the use of microprocessor technology for information processing and flexible software guarantee high weighing accuracy and a wide range of user functions, in particular: entering and storing up to 40 prices, which are stored in memory for up to 2 years; any of the prices is called up by pressing one or two keys; there is a built-in calculator; accumulation and storage of purchase amounts for each price of goods sold and, if necessary, displaying them on a display or printing; weighing in pieces; determining the quantity of identical piece goods.

The scales have the ability to work in conjunction with a computer, cash register, and printer. The main technical characteristics of the VTNT scales are given in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1 Technical characteristics of VTNt scales

The scales consist of the following main units: a force measuring unit, including an elastic element with a strain gauge, a controller board, a keyboard, a power board, a level ampoule (under the casing) and 2 display boards.

The principle of operation of the scales is based on converting the effect of the mass of the load being weighed on the load sensor into an electrical signal proportional to the measured mass. The controller board serves to amplify and convert the analog signal generated by the sensor into digital form, carry out computational operations related to weighing and control the operation of all main components of the scales.

The scale body consists of a cast base and a lid. The two screws of the top cover are sealed by the manufacturer and the state verifier. In the lower part of the cast base of the housing there is a stop that limits the deflection of the elastic element with the sensor.

The display boards have two liquid crystal indicators that serve to indicate the mass, price and value of the product. The keyboard board contains 30 keys and is conventionally divided into 3 functional fields (Table 4.2): the basic goods field, the numeric key field and the service key field. On the service keypad there are keys for controlling the weighing process. The numeric key field is intended for setting prices of goods, the basic goods field is for operations with basic goods.

Table 4.2 Basic keys and functions of strain gauge scales

When preparing for work, it is necessary to conduct an external inspection of the scales: visually verify that there is no external damage to the housing, keyboard, level ampoule, and indicators. Place them on a flat horizontal surface and level them using rotating legs, having first removed the casing from the load receptor. Turn on the switch on the left side of the scale or DC power supplies. After passing the test, the MASS indicator will display a zero mass reading.

Trading table scales VE-15T (Fig. 4.12). High technical and operational characteristics are ensured by a built-in microprocessor with specially developed programs. The scales consist of a weighing device and an indicating device. The weighing device includes: a platform with a fence, a housing, a power switch, an interface output connector, legs for adjusting the level of the scale, a level ampoule, a socket for connecting an indicating device.

The operating principle of the scales is based on converting the deformation of the sensitive element, which occurs under the influence of the weight of the load being weighed, into an analog electrical signal, converting it into digital form and subsequent digital processing on a single-chip computer with the output of the result on the digital indicators “MASS”, “PRICE”, “COST” " and to the output connector of the interface.

Scales allow: weigh goods weighing up to 15 kg; determine the cost of goods up to 9999 rubles. 99 kopecks (6 characters); remember the price for seven types of goods; compensate for container weight up to 6 kg; determine the cost of piece goods; determine the total cost of goods; calculate change; work together with a cash register.

The display device includes: keyboard, structurally identical displays for buyers of the seller, including indicators “WEIGHT”, “PRICE”, “COST”. The keyboard is divided into the main one (located under the “COST” indicator) and the additional one (under the “PRICE” indicator).

Keyboard and indicators(Fig. 4.13):

The “MASS” indicator shows the weight or quantity of a piece of goods or change;

The “PRICE” indicator shows the price or amount received from the buyer;

The “COST” indicator shows the cost of the product;

The “COST MEMORY” indicator is located at the first digit of the “COST” indicator in the form of a dot. Starts flashing when the “PLUS” key is pressed, which means entering information from the “COST” indicator into the memory register;

"M" key. The memory mode is used to enter the mode of memorizing the price of one of the seven memory cells;

“MEMORY” keys from 1 to 7 are used to enter into the memory cell and display the price of the product on the indicator;

“ENTER” keys are used to enter: price, quantity of piece goods; amount received from the buyer. The DOUBLE ZERO key is used to enter two zeros at the same time, which speeds up the typing of numeric values;

The “RESET” key is used to reset the readings on the “PRICE” and “COST” indicators;

The “PIECES” key is used to enter the mode for calculating the cost of a piece product;

The “SUM” key is used to sum up the total and at the same time to enter the change calculation mode;

The PLUS key is used to add up the cost of purchases and at the same time enter this cost into the memory register;

The “TARE” key is used to compensate for the tare weight and reset the readings on the “MASS” indicator.

Electronic commercial scales type LP Designed for use in retail and public catering facilities, as well as for manual packaging of products. Scales can also be used in other sectors of the national economy. The scale platform is made of food grade stainless steel. In Figure 4.14. a general view of the scales models LP-06, LP-15, LP-30 is presented.

The scales have the following main functions:

Price keys allow you to recall frequently used information from the scale's memory;

The scales can be used to print labels with or without a barcode, and also as a counting scale (summing up the cost of purchases from weighted and piece goods);

Provides connection to a computer;

Programmable information about the product: product name, price, shelf life, product weight, number and code, product type, group code, additional messages;

Scales are used to account for goods in a store; it is possible to summarize sales results for various goods and for all of them together;

Direct and addressable memory for storing product data;

Calculation of change, summing up sales of goods for the day, for each type of product on display or in printed form;

Compensation of tare weight from the weighing range;

Automatic gain calibration and automatic zeroing.

Table 4.3. technical characteristics of LP scales are given.

The scale should be installed on a flat, stationary surface that does not obstruct customers' view of the display and platform. They are connected to the network and then the toggle switch is turned on, while they are tested with sequential search on all bit indicators from 0 to 9. The test ends with a sound signal.

Table 4.3 Technical characteristics of LP scales

Trading table scales type PV Structurally they consist of a weighing device, a load receiving platform, and a control panel. At the base of the scale there is a coiled cord, a power switch button, a fuse holder, a government seal and a manufacturer's seal, a connector for connecting external devices and mounting feet. The control panel of the scales includes: a level indicator, a “T” (tare) button, an “O” button, a six-digit digital indicator, additional indicators of zero load on the scales and the tare mode.

The scales are installed on a stable base that is not subject to vibration; the platform and the item being weighed must not touch the power cord or other foreign objects. The horizontal position of the scales is checked using the level ampoule, and their alignment is done using the adjusting feet. The weighing procedure and the nature of the work operations performed on electronic scales depend on the type of their use (packaging of goods, working with a dispenser, selling goods from a counter, working with or without an external device, etc.).

Technical characteristics of PV scales are given in Table 4.4.

Commercial table scales VR-1038 can be used to weigh goods and automatically determine their weight and cost when weighing, with a receipt printed and the following details indicated: price per 1 kg, weight of goods, cost of plumb line. The design of the scales uses modern integrated circuits and contactless switches, ensuring high reliability of the scales and weighing speed.

The scales consist of: a load receiving device (a goods platform resting on a lever mechanism), consisting of a main and two auxiliary unequal-armed levers. The main lever is connected to a vibration-frequency sensor, which converts the forces from weighing the goods into an electrical signal. The display unit is a two-sided indicator consisting of digital displays: cost, weight, price per 1 kg.

A remote control (keyboard) with numeric keys from 0 to 9, designed to dial the price for 1 kg, and the “C” key to reset the dialed price. Using the adjustable feet, the scales are adjusted to the level. The “TARE” button is used to set zero readings when the loading platform is empty and to compensate for the tare weight.

When preparing for work, it is necessary to check that the scales are installed correctly and level. If necessary, rotate the adjusting feet to set the scale so that the air bubble is located in the center of the level ampoule. Set the “NETWORK” switch (toggle switch) to the off position, insert the power plug into the power outlet. Turn on the toggle switch, the reading devices of the observation unit on both sides begin to light up on the indicator. If the mass readings are different from zero, press the “TARA” button.

Self-powered electronic trading scales are designed to support off-site trade, as well as in places where there is no constant supply of electricity. A two-way digital indication of the weight, price and cost of the goods being weighed is provided. Specially designed liquid crystal indicators are used, providing the ability to operate from -10 to +40 °C.

The largest weighing limit is 6 kg, the smallest weighing limit is 0.04 kg, readout resolution is 2 g, overall dimensions are 320x440x 125 mm. A specially built-in autonomous power supply ensures uninterrupted operation for 40 hours without connecting to the mains.

Scale device

Scale device

Tabletop dial scales

Desktop strain gauge scales

Electronic table scales VNEM-15 are designed to measure the operational accounting of the mass of cargo in trade and industry.

They have the necessary set of user functions:

Memorizing the current weight of goods;

Accumulation and display of the amount of weight of the weighed load on the indicator;

Two serial communication channels, which allows them to be used in packaging areas, in warehousing, when receiving and shipping goods, as part of automated trade and industrial systems.

Main technical characteristics of the scales:

Maximum weighing limit: 15 kg.

The smallest weighing limit is 10 g.

16. commercial electronic scales. electronic commercial scales with autonomous power supply

Advantages of electric scales: - high weighing speed, - work with weight and piece goods, - ease of operation, - bright 2-sided display, - modern design, - multifunctionality.

Trading scales with autonomous power supply intended. For trade where there is no AC power supply.

Weight scales with platform

Scales that are used in warehouses for weighing large masses, scales and weights

Commodity scales

Weighing scales goods in which there is a scale division (scale).

Commodity dial scales. Automobile and carriage scales.

Commodity scales prednan. For weighing Heavy and bulky cargo

Automobile Scales are used mainly in warehouses for weighing cargo along with the vehicle. They are produced: scale, dial, digital. Weighing limits: 10,15,30,60,100,150 tons. The scales consist of a weighing device, an indicating device and a registration console.

Wagon scales are used for weighing cargo in wagons at railway stations and at large wholesale enterprises. release of vag.scales: scale, dial, discrete digital.

Measures of length.

When selling measured goods (fabric, tulle, ribbons, carpets, runners), rigid wooden and metal wooden meters are used. meters made In the form of a rectangular strip of hardwood, the ends of the meter are reinforced with a metal tip. A scale with divisions is applied on both sides. The price of one division is 0.5 cm. the scale must have clear divisions and numbers

Volume measures

Volume measures are presented in the form of mugs and beakers. For dispensing liquid goods manually (bottled milk, kerosene, gasoline), use measuring mugs. They are a cylinder with an arched or straight handle that has a hook for hanging on the edge of the container. For dispensing milk, mugs are made of food-grade aluminum, for dispensing kerosene and gasoline from tinned steel. Capacity 0.25; 0.5; 1 and 2 l. The mug must have a designation of its capacity, the brand of the manufacturing plant, and a verification stamp.

When dispensing syrup, cognac, wine and vodka products, use beakers (glass, cylindrical or conical glasses with a capacity of 0.1 or 0.2 liters). There are circular marks on the beakers. The beakers are filled to the mark indicating the appropriate .volume.

Installation of scales at the workplace.

Rules for weighing on tabletop dial scales.

They are intended for weighing goods for direct sale to customers or for preliminary packaging. The largest weighing limit is 3 kg (RN-3Ts13) and 10 kg. (РЦ-10Ц13). When weighing goods within the scale, no weight is required. The scales are allowed to work in temperate climates at temperatures from -20 to +45 and humidity not more than 80%.

The scales are installed on a strong, stable, horizontal base, not subject to various types of shocks and vibrations... at a distance of 15-20 cm from the edge.

Install the scales in a horizontal position using the valve legs, and check the horizontal installation using the liquid level: the air bubble should be in the center of the level ampoule.

The arrow should be at the zero division of the dial. It is prohibited to set the scale pointer at zero division using screw feet, because the scales will give incorrect readings. The number of oscillations of the needles is adjusted using an oil damper. The needle should make 3-4 oscillations.

Requirements for cash register equipment.

A number of technical, trade and operational requirements are imposed on cash register equipment.

Technical requirements include: high performance; reliability in operation; compact design (weight, dimensions); insignificant mass.

Trade and operational requirements are: mechanization and automation of cash settlement operations; compliance of the design of the machine with the nature of the trading process; simplicity of design, ensuring ease of operation, maintenance and repair; can be used to study consumer demand and obtain commercial information

Administrator Responsibilities

1) Organizing and managing the effective work of store personnel.

2) Perform, if necessary, the duties of any store employee.

3) Monitoring the work of all store personnel.

4) Drawing up a store budget. Control and optimization of the store budget expenditures.

5) Interaction and resolution of current issues with landlords.

6) Registration and timely renewal of permits and documents necessary for the operation of the store in fiscal and administrative authorities.

7) Solving collection issues.

8) Maintaining store documentation, compiling and sending export files of real operations, reporting and documentation in accordance with the established reporting procedure.

9) Ensuring the established operating hours of the store.

10) Timely preparation of documents for payroll calculation. Work schedules and submissions for bonuses and fines are submitted to the personnel department.

11) Monitoring the smooth operation of existing commercial equipment and software, organizing troubleshooting.

37. The cashier is prohibited from:

Work without a control tape, with the exception of those cash register machines whose design provides for an electronic control log (control tape buffer); allow unauthorized persons into the cash register premises and the cash register machine;

Leaving the cash register without notifying the administration without turning off the cash register

independently make changes to the operation of the cash terminal;

The cashier is also prohibited from having personal money and money not accounted for by the cash register in the cash register, except for money issued before starting work for exchange.

Remove the cash register without the permission of the director (senior cashier).

Carry out an unauthorized exchange of rubles for bank notes of the National Bank of the Republic of Belarus.

Scale device

Scale device

Currently, trade scales are used: desktop dial scales, platform scales and weights, scale and dial scales, and electronic scales. They have the following devices: load-receiving, weighing and force-measuring, pointing, vibration damper, calibration device, level. There are two calibration weights on the screw rod of the rocker arm. Precise taring is done by moving these weights along the threads.

dial table scales

Purpose. For weighing goods weighing 100-10,000 g. The scale mechanism is mounted on the body and closed on top with a metal casing with double-sided glass windows. The main part of the scale is a double equal-arm lever (yoke). The casing covers the main part of the scale - a double equal-arm lever. At the ends of the lever there are load-receiving prisms on which the transmission levers (with a weight platform, a goods platform) rest. The kettlebell and weight levers are held for stability from above by parallel rods (strings) attached by hinges to the body of the scales. The load lever of the platform is connected by a rod to a quadrant on which two arrows are mounted. The quadrant is an unequal-armed lever that rotates freely within a right angle. When goods are placed on the goods platform, the force is transferred to the quadrant through a lever and rod and it rotates until equilibrium is reached. Stopped hands show the mass of goods on the dial scale.

Screw legs with lock nuts are used to install the scales in a horizontal position. Level 75 is used to check the horizontal position of the scales. The level - an alcohol capsule with an air bubble - is located on the frame. When carrying and transporting the scales, the lever mechanism is locked with a locking screw. On the dial of the scale there is a scale with divisions, the minimum and maximum limits, the price of division, the type of scale, the name of the manufacturer, trademark, serial number, standard number and year of manufacture are indicated. A seal with a verification mark is installed on the casing, which is covered with a metal (aluminum) cap on top.

The RN-10Ts13 scale comes with a set of weights: 1 weight - 1 kg, 2-2 kg, 1-5 kg. Each scale and rig has a passport, which indicates the type of scale, serial number, load capacity, number and denomination of the set. weights

Load receiving device - designed to accommodate the load being weighed. It is made in the form of platforms, cups, platforms. Weighing and force measuring device - lever system. Pointing device - scale, dial, scoreboard, indicator. The vibration damper serves to increase the balance's stability and, accordingly, to speed up the weighing process. They are made in the form of stops, as well as liquid vibration dampers (dampers).

The calibration device is used to bring unloaded scales into balance. In tabletop dial scales, under the platforms there are chambers into which a calibration weight (small metal objects) is placed. In platform scales, on the weight holder there is a calibration chamber with a lid for adjusting the scales. For precise adjustment

Classification of weighing instruments is carried out according to various criteria, but the most common of them are:

· place and method of installation of scales;

· type of pointing device;

· type of reading;

· method of taking readings;

· design of the weighing device.

By location and method of installation scales are divided into desktop, mobile and stationary.

To desktop include ordinary table scales, closed scales, dial scales, tray scales and electronic scales. They are installed on a counter or desktop. These scales are designed to weigh goods from 20g to 20kg. Table scales are mainly used in stores for pre-packing or dispensing goods to customers.

To mobile include platform scales. They are designed for weighing large loads. They are installed on the floor and, if necessary, moved to the places where goods are received and released.

Stationary scales installed in a permanent place in a special recess. The scale platform should be at floor level, which facilitates the weighing process. These scales can be used to weigh the load along with the trolley. Mobile stationary scales are also called commodity scales. Stationary scales also include automobile and carriage scales.

By type of pointing (reading) device There are tare scales, scale scales, scale-weight scales, dial scales and digital electronic scales. On weight scales, the mass of the weighed goods is determined by counting the mass of the weights applied; on scale scales - adding up the scale values ​​at the location of the movable built-in weights; on scale-weights - according to the value of the weights located on the holder weight and the rocker scale along which the movable weight moves to achieve balance. On a dial scale, the weight of the product is determined using a scale when weighed within the scale. If the mass of the product exceeds the scale value, then it is determined by summing the total mass of the weights on the weight plate and the readings of the dial scale. On electronic scales, when a product is placed on a lifting device, the numbers on the digital display light up, showing the price of 1 kg, its weight and cost.

By type of weighing readings :

1. visual reference;

2. documentary count.

During visual counting, the worker reads the readings from the scale dial display or counts the mass of the weights. On scales with documentary registration, the weight value and cost of the goods are printed on receipts and tapes.

By method of taking readings:

1. scales with a local method of taking readings (the employee is at the scales);

2. remote (the employee is at a distance) method of taking readings.

According to the design of the weighing device There are lever scales and electronic scales.

Lever arm- this is a rigid rod that has a fulcrum and points of application of forces. Levers can be equal-armed or unequal-armed. For an equal-arm lever, the points of application of forces are at an equal distance from the fulcrum. To achieve balance, both shoulders need to be exposed to the same mass of weights and loads. Such levers are used in scales with a small weighing limit.

For each scale and set of weights there is a passport, which indicates the scale system, factory number, load capacity, date of entry into service, date of branding (if they were repaired) and the number of attached weights.

According to the current standard, the service life of lever scales is 15 years, optical - 10, electronic - 6 years.

To characterize the main technical and operational features of various types and models of scales, a alphabetic digital indexing with the following notations:

· device of scales: T - electronic strain gauge, P - lever;

· method of installation at the site of operation: N - desktop, S - stationary, P - mobile;

· the largest weighing limit: 2, 10, 150, 500, etc. up to 1000 - in kilograms, and above - in tons;

· type of index reading device: G - dial, W - scale, C - dial;

· type of reading and method of taking weighing readings: 1 - visual, 2 - documented, 3 - local, 4 - remote;

· area of ​​primary application: A - automobile, B - carriage.

Requirements for scales.

Supervision and control over the correct use of measures and measuring instruments is carried out by state and departmental services endowed with the corresponding rights and responsibilities.

State supervision of weighing equipment is carried out by the Centers for Standardization, Metrology and Certification of the State Committee for Standardization of the Republic of Belarus, operating on the basis of the Laws of the Republic of Belarus “On Standardization”, “On Protection of Consumer Rights”, “On Certification of Products and Services”, “On Ensuring the Uniformity of Measurements” "

Weighing instruments are subject to metrological, trade and operational, aesthetic, economic and sanitary-hygienic requirements.

Main metrological requirements are weighing accuracy, stability, sensitivity and consistency of readings.

Weighing accuracy- this is the property of scales to give mass readings with a deviation from the actual value within the permissible error. The magnitude of the permissible errors depends on the maximum weighing limit of the scales and on the weighing intervals. Permissible errors are established when checking the scales, i.e. when comparing the readings of verified scales with the readings of standard scales, and not when weighing goods.

Sustainability- the property of scales, when removed from a state of equilibrium, to independently return to their original position after some vibrations.

Sensitivity- the property of scales to leave a state of equilibrium with a slight change in the mass of loads located at the points of application of forces. The scales are considered sensitive if this difference does not exceed the permissible error.

The sensitivity of dial scales over the entire weighing range of the scales must be such that a change in the mass of the load being weighed by an amount equal to the value of the dial indicator division causes the needle to shift by one scale division.

The sensitivity of electronic scales is equal to their mass indication discreteness - 1g.

Consistency of readings- the ability of scales to give the same readings when weighing the same load multiple times (regardless of its location on the load receptor). The resulting deviation in readings is called variation, the value of which must be within the permissible error.

TO trade-operational and sanitary-hygienic requirements include the strength of the scales, maximum weighing speed, clarity of indications, compliance of the purpose of the scales with the type of goods being weighed, ease of care of the scales, etc.

Strength of scales- their ability to maintain all metrological requirements for a long time. Strength, i.e. reliability and durability, depends on the quality of the material from which the scales are made.

Maximum weighing speed is achieved by their respective design. The faster the scales come into balance after placing the load, the faster the weighing speed.

The clarity of the readings is ensured by the design of pointing devices that allow the seller and buyer to see the weighing result. Electronic scales have high speed and good visibility of weighing.

Sanitary and hygienic requirements provide for the manufacture of scales from materials that are neutral in relation to the goods being weighed and the environment. The design of the scales and the surface finish of the parts should allow them to be easily cleaned and washed.

Mechanical scales

Tabletop dial scales are produced with the largest weighing limits 2; 3 and 10 kg. Such scales are widely used in public catering and retail establishments, since when weighing goods within the scale, no weights are required, they quickly come to a state of equilibrium, and the double-sided dial allows the seller and buyer to see the result of weighing.

Currently common scales RN-10TS1 3.

The scales consist of a lifting device with two platforms - a small weight platform and a large cargo platform. The main part of the scale is main equal arm, consisting of two identical arc-shaped stripes. In the center of the main lever there are two support prisms, with the help of which it rests on pillows built into the body of the scales. At the ends of the lever there are four load-receiving prisms, on which the weight lever rests on one side and the load lever on the other. The weight and load levers are kept from tipping over by parallel rods - strings pivotally attached to the scale body. The load lever is connected to the quadrant using a rod. Quadrant It is an unequal-armed crank lever, which rotates freely with the help of a support prism and a cushion mounted in the bracket. Two strictly parallel arrows are attached to the quadrant, located opposite the scale. Under the weight platform there is a calibration chamber with weights (shot, sawdust), which is used to set the hands to the zero position. Under the loading platform there is an oil damper to regulate the number of needle oscillations. To control the accuracy of horizontal installation, the scales are equipped with a liquid level, which is a sealed ampoule containing alcohol with an air bubble. The level is closed by a window, on the surface of which there is a circle. When the scales are installed strictly horizontally, the air bubble should be located in the center of the circle. The scale body is mounted on four screw legs with lock nuts. The dial of the scale contains a scale with divisions, and also indicates the weighing limits, division price, type of scale, name of the manufacturer, trademark, standard number, serial number and year of manufacture. The RN-10Ts13 scales have a scale with divisions from 0 to 1000 g, a division value of 5 g, and an upper weighing limit of 10 kg.

In today's world, scales are very popular for various uses as they help people accurately determine their weight. There are several types of such devices, each of which has its own operating principle. Dial scales have been popular for a long time. This is a very important device that is used mainly in trade and warehouses for weighing food and other various goods.

Tabletop dial scales

Such scales are very convenient when selling a wide variety of goods. When you place food on them, you need to keep an eye on the scale. If it is within the limits, then the weights will not be required, and they quickly return to their original position. A huge plus is that there is a double-sided dial, allowing both buyers and traders to see the weight of the goods.

Varieties

Dial scales come in different varieties and are used for different types of goods. They can be either with a sector or a circular scale. The dial scale is mainly used for weighing food, often for vegetables and fruits in stores or at the market.

Scales of the VNTs-10 type are used for weighing small containers. The heaviest weight for weighing reaches 10 kg.

Characteristics of dial scales

The scales are a load-receiving system with two platforms: a small one for weights and a large one for goods. The main component of lever table dial scales is an equal-arm lever called a rocker. It consists of two uniform stripes. In the middle of this lever there are 2 support prisms, and at its ends there are load-receiving prisms, on which the weight lever rests on one side and the load lever on the other.

The load lever is integrated with the quadrant. It acts as an articulated lever and supports the support prism and cushions, which are inserted into the bracket of the scale body and can rotate within the boundaries of a right angle.

It has a fixed counterweight and container stabilizer, and is accompanied by two accompanying arrows. The container stabilizer is a nut that moves along a screw rod. It is intended to accurately set 2 hands to zero after the scales are released from repair or production.

There is a calibration room under the weight platform. There are scraps of metal that are needed to keep the scales in the equilibrium position. The vibration damper is located under the goods platform and consists of a cylinder, which, in turn, is attached to the beginning of the scale with two bolts. There is also a piston with two clearances, a rod, a spring, a cap, a cover, and a knurled nut. The rod is attached to the load lever. Oil is poured into the vibration damper cylinder itself to the end of the annular protrusion.

If the damper adjustment is correct, the hands may make several oscillations when weighing in different directions. In order to install mechanical dial scales horizontally, a liquid level is required. When the air bubble is located in the middle of the ring, they are installed horizontally.

Scales RN-ZTs13U

Scales without the use of weights include dial scales RN-ZTs13U. They are needed to weigh goods weighing up to 3 kg. The scales have a tare compensator with a tare compensation range from 0 to 400 g.

The structure includes a housing where the main lever is strengthened. The load arm is based on the end of the main arm, while at the top it is connected to a string that keeps it from tipping over.

Scales RN-10TS13U

How are they characterized? Dial scales RN-10TS13U are intended for use in trade for weighing various goods. They have the highest weighing limits - 2, 3 and 10 kg. When weighing within the scale, no weights are required, since they come into balance very quickly, and thanks to the double-sided dial, both the seller and the buyer can see the result of the weighing.

Rules for using scales

Basic weighing conditions:

• If the product has a small weight and it is within the scale, then the use of weights is not advisable.
• The use of weights becomes a necessary process if the product is heavy and significantly exceeds the scale value. The weights are placed in the weights area. The weight of the product is calculated by adding the entire weight of the weights with the scale readings.
• When weighing goods, you need to use fewer weights.
• Weight can only be determined by net mass.
• When selling a product, you must first weigh the tare weight and only then the product itself so that the net weight can be determined.
• You cannot place goods on the scale platform, much less cut anything, as you can damage the scales.
• Do not place any objects under the feet of the scale.
• You cannot weigh goods on scales that are not protected from wind, snowfall and other bad weather.
• It is strictly forbidden to tie weights to scales to increase weight.
• Weights may only be used for weighing. Under no circumstances should they be used for other purposes.
• It is also prohibited to weigh goods on scales below the norm.

Safety regulations

Be sure to read the safety rules:

• The scales should only be installed on a flat surface. This is very important, and it is advisable that they are located at a distance of about 14-21 cm from the edge of the counter;
• The twisted legs should be located at a height of no more than four centimeters;
• The weights may be located to the left of the scale.

Checking the scales

Before checking, you must first understand whether the scales are working properly. They should have reinforced scales and the numbers on the dial should be clearly visible. The arrows should be at the same level and stop after 3-4 oscillations. Installations should only be level.

It is customary to check the sensitivity of the level by placing an iron plate under the legs. The thickness of the plate should be about 1 mm.

Stability can be checked as follows. The arrow should slowly return to the zero division. In no case should there be spaces between the arrow and the beginning of the scale. Constancy must be verified when the balance is not loaded. It is necessary to place such a weight on the product platform so that the needle can remain at zero. Sensitivity is also checked in the same way, but a weight must be added to this special weight, and the main thing is that this mass should be equal to the smaller division of the scale. Ideally, the arrow should deviate by only 1 division.

The accuracy of dial scales is determined by placing weights weighing 500 grams or 1 kg. The scale should then indicate the correct weight.

Breaking

Dial scales (we reviewed the device in the article), unfortunately, often break down. They may not work at all, or they may work, but not quite correctly, i.e. they may measure weight incorrectly. At some point, the scale will simply stop showing accurate weight, and this is very inconvenient when selling food and other goods.

Such actions include hitting the product platform and the scale body itself. The scale can also be damaged if it falls. The scales have a very sensitive sensor, and it converts the weight of the load into an electrical signal. Thus, hitting the scale can disrupt its operation or simply ruin it. Various other damages may also occur.

You should always know how to properly use dial scales, as improper use will cause the scale to become grounded. Like any system, the scale can fail as a result of a power surge, and nothing can be done.

Sometimes there is a problem such as a manufacturing defect. Very often unpleasant situations occur that some mistake was made in production and was not checked. Thus, the product can be placed on the shelf for subsequent sale. But most often, such a problem can be detected before the scales are put up for sale, so there are very few people who receive defective goods.

Repair of scales

All devices can be repaired, and dial scales are no exception. But they can be sent for repair only if they have undergone a change in parameters. Thus, the scales are adjusted by calibration. For this setup, you do not need to change parts and blocks of the scales. This can be called a medium repair.

It is worth considering that you will still have to open the case, since this is the only way to carry out any repairs. Basically, the verification seal is removed and after repair it is necessarily sent for state verification.

Guarantee

There is one main rule in trade - they always give a guarantee for any product under any circumstances. A warranty is a very necessary thing that helps when a device breaks down. But we must not forget that it can only help if the breakdown was not the fault of the buyer, and provided that its term has not yet expired.

Repairs under warranty are carried out absolutely free of charge. The buyer may only pay a small amount for those parts and components that have been used. But this rarely happens, because only calibration is subject to the most guarantee.

If the scales break down due to the fault of the buyer, then free repairs will not be carried out, and you will have to pay money to the service center. The type of repair is determined by this service department. Sometimes the scales are sent to the factory, where the manufacturer will tell you exactly whose fault the breakdown occurred and will help you resolve the issue correctly.

Sooner or later, any product and any system may break down and even be beyond repair. But still, the period of use can be extended by proper handling of the product. With normal handling and no manufacturing defects, the product can last a very long time.